Abstract
Annual cereal forages are resilient in water use (WU), water use efficiency (WUE), and weed control compared with grain crops in dryland systems. The combined influence of tillage and management systems on annual cereal forage productivity and WU is not well documented. We conducted a field study for the effects of tillage (no‐till and tilled) and management (ecological and conventional) systems on WU and performance of forage barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and weed biomass in two crop rotations (wheat [ Triticum aestivum L.]–forage barley–pea [ Pisum sativum L.] and wheat–forage barley–corn [ Zea mays L.] –pea) from 2004 to 2010 in eastern Montana. Conventional management included recommended seeding rates, broadcast N fertilization, and short stubble height of wheat. Ecological management included 33% greater seeding rates, banded N fertilization at planting, and taller wheat stubble. Forage barley in ecological management had 28 more plants m −2 , 2 cm greater height, 65 more tillers m −2 , 606 kg ha −1 greater crop biomass, 3.5 kg ha −1 mm −1 greater WUE, and 47% reduction in weed biomass at harvest than in conventional management. Pre‐plant and post‐harvest soil water contents were similar among tillage and management systems, but barley WU was 13 mm greater in 4‐yr than 3‐yr rotation. Tillage had little effect on barley performance and WU. Dryland forage barley with higher seeding rate and banded N fertilization in more diversified rotation produced more yield and used water more efficiently than that with conventional seeding rate, broadcast N fertilization, and less diversified rotation in the semiarid northern Great Plains.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ecological management produced 28 more forage barley plants per square meter than conventional management.
Verbatim
e0“Forage barley in ecological management had 28 more plants m −2 , 2 cm greater height, 65 more tillers m −2 , 606 kg ha −1 greater crop biomass, 3.5 kg ha −1 mm −1 greater WUE, and 47% reduction in weed biomass at harvest than in conventional management”
Claim · model-written summary
Ecological management increased forage barley height by 2 cm.
Verbatim
e0“Forage barley in ecological management had 28 more plants m −2 , 2 cm greater height, 65 more tillers m −2 , 606 kg ha −1 greater crop biomass, 3.5 kg ha −1 mm −1 greater WUE, and 47% reduction in weed biomass at harvest than in conventional management”
Claim · model-written summary
Ecological management produced 65 more forage barley tillers per square meter.
Verbatim
e0“Forage barley in ecological management had 28 more plants m −2 , 2 cm greater height, 65 more tillers m −2 , 606 kg ha −1 greater crop biomass, 3.5 kg ha −1 mm −1 greater WUE, and 47% reduction in weed biomass at harvest than in conventional management”
Claim · model-written summary
Ecological management increased barley crop biomass by 606 kg per hectare.
Verbatim
e0“Forage barley in ecological management had 28 more plants m −2 , 2 cm greater height, 65 more tillers m −2 , 606 kg ha −1 greater crop biomass, 3.5 kg ha −1 mm −1 greater WUE, and 47% reduction in weed biomass at harvest than in conventional management”
Claim · model-written summary
Ecological management increased barley water use efficiency by 3.5 kg per hectare per millimeter.
Verbatim
e0“Forage barley in ecological management had 28 more plants m −2 , 2 cm greater height, 65 more tillers m −2 , 606 kg ha −1 greater crop biomass, 3.5 kg ha −1 mm −1 greater WUE, and 47% reduction in weed biomass at harvest than in conventional management”
Claim · model-written summary
Ecological management reduced weed biomass at harvest by 47% relative to conventional management.
Verbatim
e0“Forage barley in ecological management had 28 more plants m −2 , 2 cm greater height, 65 more tillers m −2 , 606 kg ha −1 greater crop biomass, 3.5 kg ha −1 mm −1 greater WUE, and 47% reduction in weed biomass at harvest than in conventional management”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-plant and post-harvest soil water contents were similar across tillage and management systems.
- Taxon
- forage barleye1
- Treatment
- tillage and management systemse0
- Outcome
- soil water contentse0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Pre‐plant and post‐harvest soil water contents were similar among tillage and management systems”
e1“forage barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley water use was 13 mm greater in the four-year than the three-year rotation.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- 4‐yre0
- Outcome
- WUe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 13 mme0
- Comparator
- 3‐yr rotatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“barley WU was 13 mm greater in 4‐yr than 3‐yr rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage had little effect on barley performance and water use.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Tillagee0
- Outcome
- barley performance and WUe0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage had little effect on barley performance and WU”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seeding rate, banded nitrogen and diversified rotation yielded more dryland forage barley than conventional management.
Verbatim
e0“Dryland forage barley with higher seeding rate and banded N fertilization in more diversified rotation produced more yield and used water more efficiently than that with conventional seeding rate, broadcast N fertilization, and less diversified rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seeding rate, banded nitrogen and diversified rotation improved dryland forage barley water-use efficiency.
Verbatim
e0“Dryland forage barley with higher seeding rate and banded N fertilization in more diversified rotation produced more yield and used water more efficiently than that with conventional seeding rate, broadcast N fertilization, and less diversified rotation”
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