Abstract
Abstract Cultivation of grassland presents a high risk of nitrate leaching. This study aimed to determine if leaching could be reduced by growing spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) as a green crop for silage with undersown Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) compared with barley grown to maturity with or without an undersown conventional catch crop of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.). All treatments received 0, 60 or 120 kg of ammonium‐N ha −1 in cattle slurry. In spring 2003, two grass‐clover fields (3 and 5 years old, respectively, with different management histories) were ploughed. The effects of the treatments on yield and nitrate leaching were determined in the first year, while the residual effects of the treatments were determined in the second year in a crop of spring barley/perennial ryegrass. Nitrate leaching was estimated in selected treatments using soil water samples from ceramic cups. The experiment showed that compared with treatments without catch crop, green barley/Italian ryegrass reduced leaching by 163–320 kg N ha −1 , corresponding to 95–99%, and the perennial ryegrass reduced leaching to between 34 and 86 kg N ha −1 , corresponding to a reduction of 80 and 66%. Also, in the second growing season, leaching following catch crops was reduced compared with the bare soil treatment. It was concluded that the green barley/Italian ryegrass offers advantages not only for the environment but also for farmers, for whom it provides a fodder high in roughage and avoids the difficulties with clover fatigue increasingly experienced by Danish farmers.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Green barley with Italian ryegrass undersown reduced nitrate leaching by 163-320 kg N/ha (95-99%) compared with treatments without catch crop.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- green barley/Italian ryegrasse1
- Outcome
- leachinge1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 163–320 kg N ha −1e1
- Qualifier
- corresponding to 95–99%e1
- Comparator
- treatments without catch crope2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“growing spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) as a green crop for silage”
e1“green barley/Italian ryegrass reduced leaching by 163–320 kg N ha −1 , corresponding to 95–99%”
e2“compared with treatments without catch crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Perennial ryegrass catch crop reduced nitrate leaching to 34-86 kg N/ha, a 66-80% reduction, compared with treatments without catch crop.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne
Lolium perennee4 - Treatment
- perennial ryegrasse3
- Outcome
- leachinge3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- between 34 and 86 kg N ha −1e3
- Qualifier
- a reduction of 80 and 66%e3
- Comparator
- treatments without catch crope2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“compared with treatments without catch crop”
e3“the perennial ryegrass reduced leaching to between 34 and 86 kg N ha −1 , corresponding to a reduction of 80 and 66%”
e4“perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second growing season, leaching after catch crops was reduced compared with bare soil.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- catch cropse5
- Outcome
- leachinge5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Comparator
- bare soil treatmente5
- Setting
- second growing seasone5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) as a green crop for silage”
e5“in the second growing season, leaching following catch crops was reduced compared with the bare soil treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Green barley with Italian ryegrass offers advantages for the environment and for farmers.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- advantages not only for the environment but also for farmerse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) as a green crop for silage”
e6“It was concluded that the green barley/Italian ryegrass offers advantages not only for the environment but also for farmers”
Claim · model-written summary
Green barley with Italian ryegrass provides fodder high in roughage.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- provides a fodder high in roughagee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) as a green crop for silage”
e7“it provides a fodder high in roughage and avoids the difficulties with clover fatigue”
Claim · model-written summary
Green barley with Italian ryegrass avoids the difficulties with clover fatigue.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- avoids the difficulties with clover fatiguee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) as a green crop for silage”
e7“it provides a fodder high in roughage and avoids the difficulties with clover fatigue”
The same questions in other papers
Lolium multiflorum · environment: emissions · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
cover crop · environment: emissions · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.