Abstract
Abstract In an effort to obtain a greater understanding of the mechanisms of action for air pollutants on yield‐limiting processes in crop plants, studies were conducted in the field and greenhouse in 1979 to investigate the effects of O 3 and SO 2 exposures on nodule activities in roots and chlorophylls a and b contents in leaves of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Six cultivars of soybeans were exposed 4 h d −1 for 5 successive days during flowering and pod development to the combination of 6.7 µ mol m −3 O 3 and 11.1 µ mol m −3 SO 2 in activated charcoal‐filtered air. Acetylene reduction procedures were used to assay nodule activities. Significant differences ( P < 0.1) were observed in total nodule activity (TNA) per plant for treatments and cultivars in combined analysis of variance (ANOVAs) for two greenhouse studies and two exposure dates in the field; however, treatment × cultivar interactions were nonsignificant in all cases. Compared with filtered air controls, the air pollution treatment reduced TNA by an average of 16.4 and 27.4% in the greenhouse and field studies, respectively. Specific nodule activities (SNA) were unaffected by the treatments in both studies. In the greenhouse studies, the O 4 and SO 2 treatment lowered the chlorophyll a content by 14.1%, but no significant differences were observed in the field study. Chlorophyll b contents were unaffected by treatments in both investigations. In these studies, the sensitivity of changes in chlorophyll contents in soybean leaves following exposures to O 3 and SO 2 at concentrations found in the atmosphere were found to be too low to be of practical value for screening plants for tolerance to air pollutants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Total nodule activity per plant differed significantly (P < 0.1) among treatments and among cultivars.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- treatmentse1
- Outcome
- total nodule activity (TNA) per plante1
- Qualifier
- P < 0.1e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“Significant differences ( P < 0.1) were observed in total nodule activity (TNA) per plant for treatments and cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment by cultivar interactions on nodule activity were nonsignificant in all cases.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- treatment × cultivar interactionse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“treatment × cultivar interactions were nonsignificant in all cases”
Claim · model-written summary
The O3 and SO2 air pollution treatment reduced total nodule activity by an average of 16.4% in the greenhouse compared with filtered air controls.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- air pollution treatmente1
- Outcome
- TNAe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 16.4e1
- Comparator
- filtered air controlse1
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“Compared with filtered air controls, the air pollution treatment reduced TNA by an average of 16.4 and 27.4% in the greenhouse and field studies, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The O3 and SO2 air pollution treatment reduced total nodule activity by an average of 27.4% in the field compared with filtered air controls.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- air pollution treatmente1
- Outcome
- TNAe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 27.4%e1
- Comparator
- filtered air controlse1
- Setting
- fielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“Compared with filtered air controls, the air pollution treatment reduced TNA by an average of 16.4 and 27.4% in the greenhouse and field studies, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific nodule activities were unaffected by the treatments in both greenhouse and field studies.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- the treatmentse1
- Outcome
- Specific nodule activities (SNA)e1
- Direction
- unaffectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“Specific nodule activities (SNA) were unaffected by the treatments in both studies”
Claim · model-written summary
In greenhouse studies the O3 and SO2 treatment lowered leaf chlorophyll a content by 14.1%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- O 4 and SO 2 treatmente1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a contente1
- Direction
- lowerede1
- Value
- 14.1%e1
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“In the greenhouse studies, the O 4 and SO 2 treatment lowered the chlorophyll a content by 14.1%”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field study no significant differences in chlorophyll a content were observed with the O3 and SO2 treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- O 4 and SO 2 treatmente1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a contente1
- Direction
- no significant differencese1
- Setting
- field studye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“the O 4 and SO 2 treatment lowered the chlorophyll a content by 14.1%, but no significant differences were observed in the field study”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll b contents were unaffected by the treatments in both greenhouse and field investigations.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- treatmentse1
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll b contentse1
- Direction
- unaffectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“Chlorophyll b contents were unaffected by treatments in both investigations”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that changes in soybean leaf chlorophyll after O3 and SO2 exposure were too insensitive to be of practical value for screening plants for tolerance to air pollutants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- too low to be of practical value for screening plants for tolerance to air pollutantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“the sensitivity of changes in chlorophyll contents in soybean leaves following exposures to O 3 and SO 2 at concentrations found in the atmosphere were found to be too low to be of practical value for screening plants for tolerance to air pollutants”
The same questions in other papers
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.