Abstract
abstract A comparison of experimental designs used to detect changes in yield of crops exposed to simulated acidic rain was performed. Seed yields were determined from field‐grown soybeans ( Glycine max L .) exposed to simulated rainfalls in which all ambient rainfalls were excluded by automatically moveable rainfall exclusion shelters. When all eight, 4 ✕ 4 , latin squares were used, simulated rainfalls of pH 4.1,3.3, and 2.7 exhibited yields 10.6,16.8, and 23.9%, respectively, below yields of plants exposed to pH 5.6. The linear component of pH treatment differences showed a highly significant decrease in yield (p < 0.001). The eight latin squares analyzed as individual experiments yielded erratic conclusions. However, when all eight latin squares were combined a satisfactory evaluation can be made. The low probability value for differences among latin squares (p < 0.005) indicates that field locations are a legitimate source of stratification. Sources of variation are also highly significant for both pooled among rows within squares (p = 0.0028) and the pooled among columns within squares (p = 0.0168) indicating that the two stratifications within each latin square was doubly effective in reducing the residual error term. The relative efficiency of the latin square to a randomized complete block design, and a completely randomized design was 132‐146 and 162%, respectively.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
pH 4.1 rain reduced yield by 10.6% relative to pH 5.6.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- pH 4.1e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- belowe0
- Value
- 10.6,16.8, and 23.9%e0
- Comparator
- pH 5.6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“simulated rainfalls of pH 4.1,3.3, and 2.7 exhibited yields 10.6,16.8, and 23.9%, respectively, below yields of plants exposed to pH 5.6”
e1“Seed yields were determined from field‐grown soybeans ( Glycine max L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
pH 3.3 rain reduced yield by 16.8% relative to pH 5.6.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 3.3e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- belowe0
- Value
- 10.6,16.8, and 23.9%e0
- Comparator
- pH 5.6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“simulated rainfalls of pH 4.1,3.3, and 2.7 exhibited yields 10.6,16.8, and 23.9%, respectively, below yields of plants exposed to pH 5.6”
e1“Seed yields were determined from field‐grown soybeans ( Glycine max L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
pH 2.7 rain reduced yield by 23.9% relative to pH 5.6.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 2.7e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- belowe0
- Value
- 23.9%e0
- Comparator
- pH 5.6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“simulated rainfalls of pH 4.1,3.3, and 2.7 exhibited yields 10.6,16.8, and 23.9%, respectively, below yields of plants exposed to pH 5.6”
e1“Seed yields were determined from field‐grown soybeans ( Glycine max L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
The linear pH component showed a significant yield decrease.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The linear component of pH treatment differences showed a highly significant decrease in yield (p < 0.001)”
e1“Seed yields were determined from field‐grown soybeans ( Glycine max L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual latin squares yielded erratic conclusions.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- erratic conclusionse0
- Value
- eight latin squarese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The eight latin squares analyzed as individual experiments yielded erratic conclusions”
e1“Seed yields were determined from field‐grown soybeans ( Glycine max L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining eight latin squares gave satisfactory evaluation.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- satisfactory evaluatione0
- Value
- eight latin squarese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when all eight latin squares were combined a satisfactory evaluation can be made”
e1“Seed yields were determined from field‐grown soybeans ( Glycine max L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
Field locations were a significant source of stratification.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- legitimate source of stratificatione0
- Value
- p < 0.005e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differences among latin squares (p < 0.005) indicates that field locations are a legitimate source of stratification”
e1“Seed yields were determined from field‐grown soybeans ( Glycine max L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
Row stratification significantly reduced residual error.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- reducing the residual error terme0
- Value
- p = 0.0028e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pooled among rows within squares (p = 0.0028) and the pooled among columns within squares (p = 0.0168) indicating that the two stratifications within each latin square was doubly effective in reducing the residual error term”
e1“Seed yields were determined from field‐grown soybeans ( Glycine max L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
Column stratification significantly reduced residual error.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- reducing the residual error terme0
- Value
- p = 0.0168e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pooled among columns within squares (p = 0.0168) indicating that the two stratifications within each latin square was doubly effective in reducing the residual error term”
e1“Seed yields were determined from field‐grown soybeans ( Glycine max L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
Latin square relative efficiency was 132‐146 against randomized complete blocks.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- relative efficiencye0
- Value
- 132‐146 and 162%e0
- Comparator
- randomized complete block designe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficiency of the latin square to a randomized complete block design, and a completely randomized design was 132‐146 and 162%, respectively”
e1“Seed yields were determined from field‐grown soybeans ( Glycine max L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
Latin square relative efficiency was 162% against complete randomization.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- relative efficiencye0
- Value
- 162%e0
- Comparator
- completely randomized designe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficiency of the latin square to a randomized complete block design, and a completely randomized design was 132‐146 and 162%, respectively”
e1“Seed yields were determined from field‐grown soybeans ( Glycine max L .)”
The same questions in other papers
ph · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 26 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.