Abstract
Abstract Management practices are required in rainfed agriculture of western Canada to reduce early season water evaporation from soil relative to loss by transpiraition. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of two seed rates and two row spacings on the pattern of water use and writer use efficiency (WUE) of no‐till winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Nine field trials were conducted on Udic Haploboroll and Molllic Cryoboralf soils in Saskatchewan from 1987 to 1989. Higher dry matter production and more rapid early season plant ground cover associated with the 9 cm row spacing and 140 kg ha −1 seeding rate, compared to other row spacing‐seeding rate combinations reduced water loss from evaporation and increased the partitioning of evapotranspiration to transpiration during the pre‐anthesis growth period. Pre‐anthesis water use was 11% higher, post‐anthesis wateir use 6% lower, and growing season water use 4% higher for the 140 compared to the 35 kg ha −1 seeding rate, The 140 kg ha −1 seeding rate produced 40% more preanthesis dry matter than the 35 kg ha −1 rate, thus establishing a higher yield potential for the crop. A row spacing of 9 compared to the 36 cm resulted in water use that was 6% higher during the pre‐anthesis, growth period and 3% higher during the entire growing season. The combination of 140 kg ha −1 seeding rate and 9 cm row spacing ultimately produced a 21% higher grain yield and a 9 kg cm‐ −1 higher WUE than the combination of 35 kg ha −1 seeding rate and 36 cm row spacing. Grain protein concentration increased from 13.1% with the 35 kg ha −1 seeding rate to 13.9% with the 140 kg ha −1 seeding rate. Grain protein yield increased from 198 to 227 kg ha −1 for the 35 compared to the 140 kg ha −1 seeding rate. The increase in grain protein concentration and yield associated with 140 kg ha −1 seeding rate was related to the pattern of water use by the crop. Even under conditions of high dronght stress, a larger number of more uniformly distributed plants associated with seeding rates higher than 35 kg ha −1 and row spacings narrower than 36 cm resulted in a higher WUE and a water use pattern that produced larger yields and higher grain protein concentration.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow rows and high seed rate raised dry matter and early ground cover, reducing evaporation and shifting evapotranspiration toward transpiration.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 9 cm row spacing and 140 kg ha −1 seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- water loss from evaporatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- other row spacing‐seeding rate combinationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher dry matter production and more rapid early season plant ground cover associated with the 9 cm row spacing and 140 kg ha −1 seeding rate, compared to other row spacing‐seeding rate combinations reduced water loss from evaporation and increased the partitioning of evapotranspiration to transpiration during the pre‐anthesis growth period”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The 140 versus 35 kg ha −1 rate raised preanthesis water use 11%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 140e0
- Outcome
- Pre‐anthesis water usee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Comparator
- 35 kg ha −1 seeding ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre‐anthesis water use was 11% higher, post‐anthesis wateir use 6% lower, and growing season water use 4% higher for the 140 compared to the 35 kg ha −1 seeding rate”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The 140 versus 35 kg ha −1 rate lowered postanthesis water use 6%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 140e0
- Outcome
- post‐anthesis wateir usee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 6%e0
- Comparator
- 35 kg ha −1 seeding ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre‐anthesis water use was 11% higher, post‐anthesis wateir use 6% lower, and growing season water use 4% higher for the 140 compared to the 35 kg ha −1 seeding rate”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The 140 versus 35 kg ha −1 rate raised growing-season water use 4%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 140e0
- Outcome
- growing season water usee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4%e0
- Comparator
- 35 kg ha −1 seeding ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre‐anthesis water use was 11% higher, post‐anthesis wateir use 6% lower, and growing season water use 4% higher for the 140 compared to the 35 kg ha −1 seeding rate”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The 140 versus 35 kg ha −1 rate produced 40% more preanthesis dry matter.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 140 kg ha −1 seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- preanthesis dry mattere0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Comparator
- 35 kg ha −1 ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 140 kg ha −1 seeding rate produced 40% more preanthesis dry matter than the 35 kg ha −1 rate”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The 9 versus 36 cm spacing raised preanthesis water use 6%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- row spacing of 9e0
- Outcome
- water usee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6%e0
- Qualifier
- pre‐anthesis, growth periode0
- Comparator
- 36 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A row spacing of 9 compared to the 36 cm resulted in water use that was 6% higher during the pre‐anthesis, growth period and 3% higher during the entire growing season”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The 9 versus 36 cm spacing raised whole-season water use 3%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- row spacing of 9e0
- Outcome
- water usee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3%e0
- Qualifier
- entire growing seasone0
- Comparator
- 36 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A row spacing of 9 compared to the 36 cm resulted in water use that was 6% higher during the pre‐anthesis, growth period and 3% higher during the entire growing season”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The high-rate narrow-row combination raised grain yield 21%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 140 kg ha −1 seeding rate and 9 cm row spacinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Comparator
- 35 kg ha −1 seeding rate and 36 cm row spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of 140 kg ha −1 seeding rate and 9 cm row spacing ultimately produced a 21% higher grain yield and a 9 kg cm‐ −1 higher WUE than the combination of 35 kg ha −1 seeding rate and 36 cm row spacing”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The high-rate narrow-row combination raised water use efficiency by 9 kg cm‐ −1.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 140 kg ha −1 seeding rate and 9 cm row spacinge0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9 kg cm‐ −1e0
- Comparator
- 35 kg ha −1 seeding rate and 36 cm row spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of 140 kg ha −1 seeding rate and 9 cm row spacing ultimately produced a 21% higher grain yield and a 9 kg cm‐ −1 higher WUE than the combination of 35 kg ha −1 seeding rate and 36 cm row spacing”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain protein concentration rose from 13.1% to 13.9% with the higher seed rate.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 140 kg ha −1 seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- Grain protein concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.9%e0
- Qualifier
- 13.1%e0
- Comparator
- 35 kg ha −1 seeding ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain protein concentration increased from 13.1% with the 35 kg ha −1 seeding rate to 13.9% with the 140 kg ha −1 seeding rate”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain protein yield rose from 198 to 227 kg ha −1 between low and high seed rates.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 140 kg ha −1 seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- Grain protein yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 227 kg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 198e0
- Comparator
- 35e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain protein yield increased from 198 to 227 kg ha −1 for the 35 compared to the 140 kg ha −1 seeding rate”
t0“winter wheat”
The same questions in other papers
density · physiology: water · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →density · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
31 papers more in this group
See all 35 papers →density · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
80 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
106 papers more in this group
See all 110 papers →density · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
375 papers in the same direction as this paper · 115 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
494 papers more in this group
See all 498 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.