Abstract
Okra is an annual vegetable species native to Africa. In Mexico, the states of Tamaulipas, Guerrero, and Morelos contain the most important okra-producing areas. Viral-like diseases have recently affected the fruit production. In the field, the most common symptoms encountered include yellow streak, distortion of fruits, and foliar yellow mottle. Total DNA extracts from symptomatic okra plants were used as a template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection using begomovirus-specific primers. RepMot and CPMot primers (1) were used for the amplification of DNA fragments that included the Rep and coat protein (CP) genes of begomoviruses. PCR results suggested the presence of a begomovirus in symptomatic plants. Southern and dot blot hybridization analysis were performed using a DNA fragment containing the CP gene of Pepper huasteco virus as a probe. Hybridization conducted under low stringency conditions confirmed the presence of a geminivirus. Additionally, transmission by grafting and biolistic (total DNA extracts from symptomatic plants) inoculations induced consistently severe streak fruits and yellow mottle symptoms in okra plants. Cloning of the PCR products (approximately 632-bp fragment) was performed in the PCRTopo vector (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA). Cloned viral inserts were sequenced (Genbank Accession No. AF349113). Nucleotide sequence comparisons were performed using the Clustal Method (MegAlign, DNAStar software, Madison, WI) with the GenBank database. Analysis of the PCR products confirmed the begomovirus nature of the sequence. The first 64 amino acids of the CP had 89% identity with Squash leaf curl virus while the intergenic region had 85% identity with Sida golden mosaic virus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a begomovirus infecting okra in Mexico. Reference: 1) J. T. Ascencio et al. Plant Dis. 86:692, 2002.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Symptomatic okra showed yellow streak, fruit distortion and foliar yellow mottle.
- Outcome
- yellow streak, distortion of fruits, and foliar yellow mottlee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the most common symptoms encountered include yellow streak, distortion of fruits, and foliar yellow mottle”
Claim · model-written summary
PCR suggested a begomovirus in symptomatic okra.
- Outcome
- presence of a begomoviruse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“PCR results suggested the presence of a begomovirus in symptomatic plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybridization confirmed a geminivirus in symptomatic okra.
- Outcome
- presence of a geminiviruse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Hybridization conducted under low stringency conditions confirmed the presence of a geminivirus”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting and biolistic inoculations induced severe fruit streak and yellow mottle in okra.
- Taxon
- okra
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Abelmoschus esculentuse0 - Treatment
- grafting and biolistic (total DNA extracts from symptomatic plants) inoculationse0
- Outcome
- severe streak fruits and yellow mottle symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“transmission by grafting and biolistic (total DNA extracts from symptomatic plants) inoculations induced consistently severe streak fruits and yellow mottle symptoms in okra plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequence analysis confirmed the begomovirus nature of the PCR product.
- Outcome
- begomovirus nature of the sequencee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Analysis of the PCR products confirmed the begomovirus nature of the sequence”
Claim · model-written summary
Coat protein amino acids had 89% identity with Squash leaf curl virus.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The first 64 amino acids of the CP had 89% identity with Squash leaf curl virus”
Claim · model-written summary
The intergenic region had 85% identity with Sida golden mosaic virus.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the intergenic region had 85% identity with Sida golden mosaic virus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors report a first record of begomovirus infecting okra in Mexico.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Outcome
- first report of a begomovirus infecting okrae0
- Setting
- Mexicoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this is the first report of a begomovirus infecting okra in Mexico”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.