Abstract
― Crown gall was observed in 99% of the plant nurseries surveyed in the major fruit tree production region of Algeria.Among 11 tree species surveyed, those with highest disease incidence were peach (5.39%), almond (3.43%), cherry (1.50%), apple (1.47%), and olive (1.30%).None of the quince and fig trees inspected had crown gall.Significant differences in the frequency of galled plants were correlated with the rootstock used by nurserymen for peach, cherry, apple and pear trees.Analysis of 60 galled samples, which yielded 154 Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, revealed that biovar 2 and agrocin 84-sensitive strains were predominant among local agrobacteria.The ratio of agrocin-sensitive to agrocin-resistant was more than 3 times higher for biovar 2 (6:1) than for biovar 1 (1.67:1) strains; thus, suggesting that biovar 2 strains are most likely to harbor a nopaline/agrocinopine A-type Ti-plasmid.Bi- ological control of crown gall was achieved in a field experiment in which peach 'Missour' seedlings were dipped first in a suspension of A radiobacter K84 and subsequently in a suspension of a local agrocin-sensitive strain.In the same experiment, K84 reduced the incidence of galling by 94% in seedlings inoculated with a local agrocin-resistant A tumefaciens strain.These data indicate that K84 could be used in Algeria despite the presence of agrocin-resistant strains.crown gall / field susceptibility / biocontrol Résumé ― Fréquence du crown gall dans les pépinières fruitières d'Algérie, caractérisation des souches d'Agrobacterium tumefaciens et contrôle biologique par la souche antagoniste Agrobacterium radiobacter K84.La galle du collet ou crown gall sévit dans 99% des pépinières de production de plants fruitiers de l'Algérois.À l'exception des figuier et cognassier, toutes les espèces étudiées sont atteintes par la maladie.Les espèces les plus touchées sont le pêcher (5,39%), l'amandier (3,43%), le cerisier (1,50%), le pommier (1,47%) et l'olivier (1,30%) (Ta- bleau I).Au sein d'une même espèce, la proportion de plants atteints de crown gall varie en fonction du porte-greffe utilisé par le pépiniériste.Les porte-greffes les plus sensibles sont le GF 677, le Missour et le GF 305 pour le pêcher, le St Lucie pour le cerisier, le MM 106 pour le pommier et le Kirsenchaller pour le poirier (Tableau II).La caractérisa- tion phénotypique de 154 souches d'A tumefaciens, isolées de 60 échantillons, suggère que les souches du biovar 2 sensibles à l'agrocine 84 sont les souches les plus fréquemment rencontrées localement (Tableau III).Le rapport entre le nombre de souches sensibles à l'agrocine 84 et celui des souches résistantes est 3 fois plus grand chez le biovar 2 (6/1) que chez le biovar 1 (1.67/1), ce qui suggère une affinité du plasmide de type nopaline/agrocinopine A pour le fond chromosomique de type biovar 2 (Tableau V).En parcelle d'expérimentation, l'incidence du crown gall sur pêcher cv Missour est réduite de 94% lorsque ces plants sont initialement trempés dans une suspension d'A ra- diobacter K84 avant d'être inoculés avec une souche tumorigène sensible et/ou résistante à l'agrocine 84 (Tableau VI).La protection par K84 des plants inoculés avec une souche résistante à l'agrocine 84 suggère l'existence en plus de la production d'agrocine, d'autres mécanismes favorisant la performance de cet antagoniste.Ces résultats mon- trent que K84 pourrait être utilisé en Algérie et ce, en dépit de la présence de souches résistantes à l'agrocine 84.crown gall / sensibilité au champ / lutte biologique
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Crown gall occurred in 99% of surveyed plant nurseries.
Verbatim
e0“Crown gall was observed in 99% of the plant nurseries surveyed in the major fruit tree production region of Algeria.”
Claim · model-written summary
peach crown gall incidence was 5.39%.
- Taxon
- peach
Prunus persicae0 - Interactor
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium tumefacienst0pathogen - Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Value
- 5.39%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among 11 tree species surveyed, those with highest disease incidence were peach (5.39%), almond (3.43%), cherry (1.50%), apple (1.47%), and olive (1.30%).”
t0“Agrobacterium tumefaciens”
Claim · model-written summary
almond crown gall incidence was 3.43%.
- Taxon
- almond
Prunus dulcise0 - Interactor
- Agrobacterium tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefacienst0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Value
- 3.43%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among 11 tree species surveyed, those with highest disease incidence were peach (5.39%), almond (3.43%), cherry (1.50%), apple (1.47%), and olive (1.30%).”
t0“Agrobacterium tumefaciens”
Claim · model-written summary
cherry crown gall incidence was 1.50%.
- Taxon
- cherrye0
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefacienst0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Value
- 1.50%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among 11 tree species surveyed, those with highest disease incidence were peach (5.39%), almond (3.43%), cherry (1.50%), apple (1.47%), and olive (1.30%).”
t0“Agrobacterium tumefaciens”
Claim · model-written summary
apple crown gall incidence was 1.47%.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Interactor
- Agrobacterium tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefacienst0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Value
- 1.47%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among 11 tree species surveyed, those with highest disease incidence were peach (5.39%), almond (3.43%), cherry (1.50%), apple (1.47%), and olive (1.30%).”
t0“Agrobacterium tumefaciens”
Claim · model-written summary
olive crown gall incidence was 1.30%.
- Taxon
- olive
Olea europaeae0 - Interactor
- Agrobacterium tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefacienst0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Value
- 1.30%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among 11 tree species surveyed, those with highest disease incidence were peach (5.39%), almond (3.43%), cherry (1.50%), apple (1.47%), and olive (1.30%).”
t0“Agrobacterium tumefaciens”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither quince nor fig trees inspected had crown gall.
- Taxon
- quince and fig trees
Ficus
Cydonia oblongae0 - Outcome
- crown galle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“None of the quince and fig trees inspected had crown gall.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rootstock correlated significantly with gall frequency in peach, cherry, apple and pear.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Significant differences in the frequency of galled plants were correlated with the rootstock used by nurserymen for peach, cherry, apple and pear trees.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biovar 2 and agrocin 84-sensitive Agrobacterium strains predominated locally.
- Taxon
- plant nurseriest0
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefaciense0pathogen
- Outcome
- biovar 2 and agrocin 84-sensitive strainse0
- Value
- 154e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analysis of 60 galled samples, which yielded 154 Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, revealed that biovar 2 and agrocin 84-sensitive strains were predominant among local agrobacteria.”
t0“plant nurseries”
Claim · model-written summary
The sensitive-to-resistant strain ratio was 6:1 for biovar 2 versus 1.67:1 for biovar 1.
- Taxon
- plant nurseriest0
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefacienst0pathogen
- Outcome
- ratio of agrocin-sensitive to agrocin-resistante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6:1e0
- Qualifier
- 1.67:1e0
- Comparator
- biovar 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ratio of agrocin-sensitive to agrocin-resistant was more than 3 times higher for biovar 2 (6:1) than for biovar 1 (1.67:1) strains”
t0“plant nurseries of Algeria, characteristics of Agrobacterium tumefaciens”
Claim · model-written summary
K84 biological control prevented crown gall in peach Missour seedlings inoculated with a sensitive strain.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Material
- Missoure0
- Treatment
- dipped first in a suspension of A radiobacter K84e0
- Interactor
- local agrocin-sensitive straine0pathogen
- Second interactor
- A radiobacter K84
Agrobacterium radiobactere0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- control of crown galle0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bi- ological control of crown gall was achieved in a field experiment in which peach 'Missour' seedlings were dipped first in a suspension of A radiobacter K84 and subsequently in a suspension of a local agrocin-sensitive strain.”
Claim · model-written summary
K84 reduced galling incidence by 94% in peach seedlings inoculated with a resistant A tumefaciens strain.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- K84e0
- Interactor
- A tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefaciense0pathogen
- Second interactor
- K84e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- incidence of gallinge0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 94%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the same experiment, K84 reduced the incidence of galling by 94% in seedlings inoculated with a local agrocin-resistant A tumefaciens strain.”
t0“peach, cherry, apple and pear trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that K84 could be used in Algeria despite resistant strains.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Interactor
- K84e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- K84 could be used in Algeriae0
- Setting
- Algeriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These data indicate that K84 could be used in Algeria despite the presence of agrocin-resistant strains.”
t0“peach, cherry, apple and pear trees”