Abstract
The management of crop fertilization may be an important component of integrated weed management systems. A field study was conducted to determine the effect of various application methods of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on weed growth and winter wheat yield in a zero‐tillage production system. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 50 kg ha −1 at the time of planting winter wheat over four consecutive years to determine the annual and cumulative effects. The nitrogen treatments consisted of granular ammonium nitrate applied broadcast on the soil surface, banded 10 cm deep between every crop row, banded 10 cm deep between every second crop row, and point‐injected liquid ammonium nitrate placed between every second crop row at 20 cm intervals and 10 cm depth. An unfertilized control was also included. Density, shoot N concentration and the biomass of weeds was often lower with subsurface banded or point‐injected N than with broadcast N. The winter wheat density was similar with all N fertilizer application methods but wheat shoot N concentration and yield were consistently higher with banded or point‐injected N compared with broadcast N. In several instances, the surface broadcast N did not increase the weed‐infested wheat yield above that of the unfertilized control, indicating that it was the least preferred N application method. Depending on the weed species, the weed seedbank at the conclusion of the 4 year study was reduced by 29–62% with point‐injected N compared with broadcast N. Information gained from this study will be used to develop more integrated weed management programs for winter wheat.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Weed density was often lower with subsurface banded or point-injected N than broadcast N.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- subsurface banded or point‐injected Ne0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- Densitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- broadcast Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Density, shoot N concentration and the biomass of weeds was often lower with subsurface banded or point‐injected N than with broadcast N”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed shoot N concentration was often lower with subsurface N placement.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- subsurface banded or point‐injected Ne0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- shoot N concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- broadcast Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Density, shoot N concentration and the biomass of weeds was often lower with subsurface banded or point‐injected N than with broadcast N”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed biomass was often lower with subsurface N placement.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- subsurface banded or point‐injected Ne0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- biomass of weedse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- broadcast Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Density, shoot N concentration and the biomass of weeds was often lower with subsurface banded or point‐injected N than with broadcast N”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat density was similar under all N application methods.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N fertilizer application methodse0
- Outcome
- winter wheat densitye0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The winter wheat density was similar with all N fertilizer application methods”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat shoot N concentration was higher with banded or injected N than broadcast N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- banded or point‐injected Ne0
- Outcome
- wheat shoot N concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- broadcast Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat shoot N concentration and yield were consistently higher with banded or point‐injected N compared with broadcast N”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield was higher with banded or injected N than broadcast N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- banded or point‐injected Ne0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- broadcast Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat shoot N concentration and yield were consistently higher with banded or point‐injected N compared with broadcast N”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast N sometimes did not raise weed-infested wheat yield above unfertilized control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- surface broadcast Ne0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed‐infested wheat yielde0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Comparator
- unfertilized controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the surface broadcast N did not increase the weed‐infested wheat yield above that of the unfertilized control”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Point-injected N reduced the weed seedbank by 29–62% compared with broadcast N.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- point‐injected Ne0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed seedbanke0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 29–62%e0
- Comparator
- broadcast Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the weed seedbank at the conclusion of the 4 year study was reduced by 29–62% with point‐injected N compared with broadcast N”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judge broadcast N to be the least preferred application method.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- least preferred N application methode0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating that it was the least preferred N application method”
t0“winter wheat”
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See all 125 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.