Abstract
Global markets for oriental sun‐cured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) have increased the number of fields planted to this crop in Greece and other countries. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 to determine the influence of pendimethalin [ N ‐(1‐ethylpropyl)‐3,4‐dimethyl‐2,6‐ dintrobenzenamine] application and hoeing combined with the incorporation of pea ( Pisum sativum L.) and vetch ( Vicia sativa L.) as green manures on weed control and tobacco growth and yield. Plant height, number of leaves and total yield of tobacco were generally higher when pendimethalin was applied compared with cultivated tobacco. The absence of weed management resulted in lower growth and tobacco yields (on average 1221 and 1303 kg ha −1 for 2012 and 2013, respectively). Foxtail [ Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv.], barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv. ], fat‐hen ( Chenopodium album L.), red‐root pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and goathead ( Tribulus terrestris L.) were adequately controlled by pendimethalin, while hoeing partially controlled weeds such as purple nutsedge ( Cyperus rotundus L.). Incorporation of legumes increased both crop growth and yield. Nicotine content increased when green manures were used compared with untreated plots (values up to 3.62 and 3.16%, respectively). The adoption of the appropriate weed management method along with green manure can result in yields up to 2221 kg ha −1 . The results of this study are essential for the development of an integrated crop and weed management strategy for oriental tobacco.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin generally increased plant height, leaf number and total yield of tobacco compared with cultivated tobacco.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- pendimethaline1
- Outcome
- Plant height, number of leaves and total yielde1
- Direction
- generally highere1
- Comparator
- cultivated tobaccoe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Global markets for oriental sun‐cured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) have increased the number of fields planted to this crop in Greece and other countries”
e1“Plant height, number of leaves and total yield of tobacco were generally higher when pendimethalin was applied compared with cultivated tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Absence of weed management lowered tobacco growth and yield to about 1221 and 1303 kg ha-1 in 2012 and 2013.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- absence of weed managemente2
- Outcome
- growth and tobacco yieldse2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Value
- 1221 and 1303 kg ha −1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Global markets for oriental sun‐cured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) have increased the number of fields planted to this crop in Greece and other countries”
e2“The absence of weed management resulted in lower growth and tobacco yields (on average 1221 and 1303 kg ha −1 for 2012 and 2013, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin adequately controlled foxtail, barnyardgrass, fat-hen, red-root pigweed and goathead in tobacco.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- pendimethaline3
- Interactor
- Setaria verticillata
Setaria verticillatae3weed - Second interactor
- Echinochloa crus‐galli
Echinochloa crus-gallie3weed - Outcome
- controllede3
- Direction
- adequately controllede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Global markets for oriental sun‐cured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) have increased the number of fields planted to this crop in Greece and other countries”
e3“Foxtail [ Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv.], barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv. ], fat‐hen ( Chenopodium album L.), red‐root pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and goathead ( Tribulus terrestris L.) were adequately controlled by pendimethalin”
Claim · model-written summary
Hoeing partially controlled purple nutsedge in tobacco.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- hoeinge4
- Interactor
- Cyperus rotundus
Cyperus rotunduse4weed - Outcome
- weedse4
- Direction
- partially controllede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Global markets for oriental sun‐cured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) have increased the number of fields planted to this crop in Greece and other countries”
e4“while hoeing partially controlled weeds such as purple nutsedge ( Cyperus rotundus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporating legumes as green manure increased tobacco growth and yield.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- Incorporation of legumese5
- Outcome
- crop growth and yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Global markets for oriental sun‐cured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) have increased the number of fields planted to this crop in Greece and other countries”
e5“Incorporation of legumes increased both crop growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manures increased tobacco nicotine content compared with untreated plots, up to 3.62% versus 3.16%.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- green manurese6
- Outcome
- Nicotine contente6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 3.62 and 3.16%e6
- Comparator
- untreated plotse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Global markets for oriental sun‐cured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) have increased the number of fields planted to this crop in Greece and other countries”
e6“Nicotine content increased when green manures were used compared with untreated plots (values up to 3.62 and 3.16%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining weed management with green manure can result in tobacco yields up to 2221 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- weed management method along with green manuree7
- Outcome
- yieldse7
- Value
- 2221 kg ha −1e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Global markets for oriental sun‐cured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) have increased the number of fields planted to this crop in Greece and other countries”
e7“The adoption of the appropriate weed management method along with green manure can result in yields up to 2221 kg ha −1”
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