Abstract
F1 from the cross Triticum polonicum (2n=28)×T. Spelta (2n=42) was back-crossed to the tetraploid wheat. The awnless tetraploids could be obtained in the offspring of this back-cross. An awnless plant with long glumes (PP) was crossed to T. dicoccoides (2n=28) and another tetraploid with short glumes (pp) to T. persicum (2n=28).1) In F2 of these crosses long glume (P), awnless (A), hairy glume (Hg) and red coleoptile (Rc) were found to differ from short glume (p), awned (a), glabrous glume (hg) and green coleoptile (rc) respectively by only a single gene. P and p are linked to Rc and rc with a cross-over value of 20.3%.2) P gene for the long glume of T. polonicum with the manifold effects inhibits the awn length, the glume hair, the coleoptile color and the awn color in its homozygous condition.3) Two abnormalities have been observed in crosses between tetraploid wheats. The first, apparent failure to segregate, was reported by Biffen (1916) in a cross between a white chaffed T. polonicum and a grey chaffed T. turgidum. Similar phenomenon on the chaff color and hair was found by Backhouse (1918) and Engledow (1920) in the cross T. polonicum×T. durum. The author supposes from the present studies that these abnormalities are due to the inhibition of P- gene.4) The second case was studied on the glume length by Engledow (1920, 1923) in a cross T. polonicum×T. durum, who termed the phenomenon “shift”. This abnormality could be explained also by the major gene P and the multiple modifyers.5) Darlington (1927, 1928) and Watkins (1940) consider that in tetraploid wheats these two abnormalities are examples of the result of autosyndesis in the polyploid plants. The present work shows, however, the contrary results.6) The characters waxy and waxless differ by an allelomorphic pair W-w and their inhibitor Iw-iw. The genotype of waxless T. dicoccoides is wwIwIw and in F2 the ratio 13 waxless: 3 waxy is ordinarily observed. W and Iw show an independent segregation to the genes P, A and Hg respectively.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Awnless tetraploids were recovered from the backcross.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- awnless tetraploidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The awnless tetraploids could be obtained in the offspring of this back-cross.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Long glume, awnless, hairy glume and red coleoptile traits each differed from their counterpart by one gene.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- differ from short glume (p), awned (a), glabrous glume (hg) and green coleoptile (rc) respectively by only a single genee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“long glume (P), awnless (A), hairy glume (Hg) and red coleoptile (Rc) were found to differ from short glume (p), awned (a), glabrous glume (hg) and green coleoptile (rc) respectively by only a single gene”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
P and p were linked to Rc and rc with 20.3% crossing over.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- P and pe0
- Outcome
- cross-over valuee0
- Value
- 20.3%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P and p are linked to Rc and rc with a cross-over value of 20.3%”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Homozygous P inhibits awn length, glume hair, coleoptile color and awn color.
- Taxon
- T. polonicum
Triticum polonicume0 - Gene
- P genee0
- Outcome
- awn length, the glume hair, the coleoptile color and the awn colore0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
- Qualifier
- in its homozygous conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P gene for the long glume of T. polonicum with the manifold effects inhibits the awn length, the glume hair, the coleoptile color and the awn color in its homozygous condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition by P is proposed to explain abnormal segregation of chaff color and hair.
- Taxon
- T. polonicumTriticum polonicume1
- Gene
- P- genee0
- Outcome
- chaff color and haire1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these abnormalities are due to the inhibition of P- gene”
e1“Similar phenomenon on the chaff color and hair was found by Backhouse (1918) and Engledow (1920) in the cross T. polonicum×T. durum”
Claim · model-written summary
Major gene P and multiple modifiers could explain the glume length shift.
- Taxon
- T. polonicumTriticum polonicume1
- Gene
- major gene Pe0
- Outcome
- glume lengthe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This abnormality could be explained also by the major gene P and the multiple modifyers.”
e1“The second case was studied on the glume length by Engledow (1920, 1923) in a cross T. polonicum×T. durum”
Claim · model-written summary
The results contradict an autosyndesis explanation of the two abnormalities.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- the contrary resultse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in tetraploid wheats these two abnormalities are examples of the result of autosyndesis in the polyploid plants. The present work shows, however, the contrary results”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Waxy and waxless traits differed by W-w and inhibitor Iw-iw.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- W-we0
- Outcome
- waxy and waxlesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The characters waxy and waxless differ by an allelomorphic pair W-w and their inhibitor Iw-iw”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Waxless T. dicoccoides had genotype wwIwIw.
- Taxon
- T. dicoccoides
Triticum dicoccoidese0 - Outcome
- genotypee0
- Value
- wwIwIwe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genotype of waxless T. dicoccoides is wwIwIw”
Claim · model-written summary
The F2 ordinarily showed a 13 waxless to 3 waxy ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- ratioe0
- Value
- 13 waxless: 3 waxye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in F2 the ratio 13 waxless: 3 waxy is ordinarily observed”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
W and Iw segregated independently from P, A and Hg.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- W and Iwe0
- Outcome
- independent segregatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“W and Iw show an independent segregation to the genes P, A and Hg respectively”
t0“wheat”