Abstract
A chemical gametocide capable of inhibiting pollen production but not affecting female fertility, would be very useful in the production of hybrid barley ( Hordeum vulgate L.). In this study, ‘Betzes’ and two ‘Unitan’ two and six row isogenics were sprayed with 0, 1, 2, and 4 kg/ha of sodium 1‐(p‐chlorophenyl)‐l,2‐dihydro‐4,6 dimethyl‐ 2 oxonicotinate (RH‐531) at the five and six‐leaf stages in an attempt to induce male sterility. Seed set was lowest on plants treated at the 4 kg rate and was as follows: Betzes, 18% at five‐leaf stage; Unitan two‐row 33% at six‐leaf stage; and Unitan six‐row 29% at six‐leaf stage. Four kilograms of RH‐531 caused 40% female sterility. Female sterility was greatest when plants were treated at the six‐leaf stage and Unitan six‐row had the most female sterility at that stage. As rates of RH‐531 were increased, yield, plant height, flowers per spike, lodging, kernel size, and spike length of treated plots decreased. Yield and grain protein were negatively correlated (r = —0.90**), but grain protein/ ha was less in the 4 kg/ha plots because of lower yield. Spraying at the six‐leaf stage reduced yield and plant height more than spraying at the five‐leaf stage. Treatment affected the growth characteristics of Unitan six‐row less than it did the other two cultivars. The number of flowers per spike was reduced less at the six than at the five‐leaf treatment stage in the Unitan isollnes. RH‐531 did not produce sufficient male sterility to be useful in hybrid barley production, and adverse side effects such as reduced female fertility and stunted plants were drastic.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
At 4 kg, Betzes seed set was 18% after five-leaf application.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Material
- Betzese1
- Organ / stage
- five‐leaf stagee1
- Treatment
- 4 kg ratee1
- Outcome
- Seed sete1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 18%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“production of hybrid barley”
e1“Seed set was lowest on plants treated at the 4 kg rate and was as follows: Betzes, 18% at five‐leaf stage”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4 kg, two-row Unitan seed set was 33% after six-leaf application.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- Unitan two‐rowe1
- Organ / stage
- six‐leaf stagee1
- Treatment
- 4 kg ratee1
- Outcome
- Seed sete1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 33%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production of hybrid barley”
e1“Seed set was lowest on plants treated at the 4 kg rate and was as follows: Betzes, 18% at five‐leaf stage; Unitan two‐row 33% at six‐leaf stage”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4 kg, six-row Unitan seed set was 29% after six-leaf application.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- Unitan six‐rowe1
- Organ / stage
- six‐leaf stagee1
- Treatment
- 4 kg ratee1
- Outcome
- Seed sete1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 29%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production of hybrid barley”
e1“Seed set was lowest on plants treated at the 4 kg rate and was as follows: Betzes, 18% at five‐leaf stage; Unitan two‐row 33% at six‐leaf stage; and Unitan six‐row 29% at six‐leaf stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Four kilograms of RH-531 caused 40% female sterility.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Four kilograms of RH‐531e1
- Outcome
- female sterilitye1
- Direction
- causede1
- Value
- 40%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production of hybrid barley”
e1“Four kilograms of RH‐531 caused 40% female sterility”
Claim · model-written summary
Female sterility was greatest after six-leaf treatment, especially in Unitan six-row.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- Unitan six‐rowe1
- Organ / stage
- six‐leaf stagee1
- Outcome
- Female sterilitye1
- Direction
- greateste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production of hybrid barley”
e1“Female sterility was greatest when plants were treated at the six‐leaf stage and Unitan six‐row had the most female sterility at that stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing RH-531 rates reduced yield, height and flowers per spike.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- RH‐531e1
- Outcome
- yield, plant height, flowers per spikee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production of hybrid barley”
e1“As rates of RH‐531 were increased, yield, plant height, flowers per spike, lodging, kernel size, and spike length of treated plots decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing RH-531 rates reduced lodging, kernel size and spike length.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- RH‐531e1
- Outcome
- lodging, kernel size, and spike lengthe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production of hybrid barley”
e1“As rates of RH‐531 were increased, yield, plant height, flowers per spike, lodging, kernel size, and spike length of treated plots decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield and grain protein were negatively correlated.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- grain proteine1
- Direction
- negatively correlatede1
- Value
- r = —0.90**e1
- Comparator
- Yielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production of hybrid barley”
e1“Yield and grain protein were negatively correlated (r = —0.90**)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain protein per hectare was lower in 4 kg/ha plots because of lower yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- 4 kg/hae1
- Outcome
- grain protein/ hae1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Qualifier
- because of lower yielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production of hybrid barley”
e1“grain protein/ ha was less in the 4 kg/ha plots because of lower yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Six-leaf spraying reduced yield more than five-leaf spraying.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Spraying at the six‐leaf stagee1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- spraying at the five‐leaf stagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production of hybrid barley”
e1“Spraying at the six‐leaf stage reduced yield and plant height more than spraying at the five‐leaf stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Six-leaf spraying reduced plant height more than five-leaf spraying.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Spraying at the six‐leaf stagee1
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- spraying at the five‐leaf stagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production of hybrid barley”
e1“Spraying at the six‐leaf stage reduced yield and plant height more than spraying at the five‐leaf stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment affected Unitan six-row growth traits less than those of the other cultivars.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- Unitan six‐rowe1
- Outcome
- growth characteristicse1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Comparator
- other two cultivarse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production of hybrid barley”
e1“Treatment affected the growth characteristics of Unitan six‐row less than it did the other two cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
In Unitan isolines, six-leaf treatment reduced flowers per spike less than five-leaf treatment.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- Unitan isollnese1
- Treatment
- sixe1
- Outcome
- number of flowers per spikee1
- Direction
- reduced lesse1
- Comparator
- five‐leaf treatment stagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production of hybrid barley”
e1“The number of flowers per spike was reduced less at the six than at the five‐leaf treatment stage in the Unitan isollnes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude RH-531 did not induce enough male sterility for hybrid production and caused drastic side effects.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- RH‐531e1
- Outcome
- did not produce sufficient male sterility to be useful in hybrid barley productione1
- Qualifier
- reduced female fertility and stunted plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production of hybrid barley”
e1“RH‐531 did not produce sufficient male sterility to be useful in hybrid barley production, and adverse side effects such as reduced female fertility and stunted plants were drastic”
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