Abstract
Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production faces a worldwide challenge of severe water scarcity. The ground cover rice production system (GCRPS) is one alternative to the paddy system, using plastic‐film covering and less irrigation water. As contradictory yield performances occurred throughout different regions, a general evaluation of GCRPS was seldom reported. Therefore, a 7‐yr experiment was conducted in a mountainous area of the Hubei Province from 2003 to 2009. the paddy system and GCRPS were compared with 0 and 150 kg N ha −1 , where crop growth, yield, plant N uptake, and soil C and N were measured to evaluate the adaptability, stability, and sustainability of GCRPS. Under GCRPS, grain yield was significantly higher than under the paddy system during the 7‐yr period. Additionally, the interannual difference in grain yield under GCRPS was significantly lower than under the paddy system. Furthermore, vegetative growth of GCRPS plants was improved with a sufficient N supply, while reproductive growth was limited with N reduction, which led to low number of spikelets and filled grains. Soil organic C and total N (0–20‐cm soil depth) were both significantly lower under GCRPS than paddy cultivation, while N fertilization slightly reversed organic C and N reductions. Hence, GCRPS is highly adoptable and stable in typical paddy areas where water scarcity and low temperature occur and high clay and organic matter contents prevail. Further research is needed to evaluate GCRPS in other related locations and to assess new techniques for achieving continuous soil N supply to the reproductive stage and increasing sustainability under GCRPS.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Ground cover rice production significantly increased grain yield relative to paddy cultivation.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- GCRPSe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- during the 7‐yr periode0
- Comparator
- paddy systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under GCRPS, grain yield was significantly higher than under the paddy system during the 7‐yr period.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Interannual grain-yield variation was lower under GCRPS.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GCRPSe0
- Outcome
- interannual difference in grain yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- paddy systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the interannual difference in grain yield under GCRPS was significantly lower than under the paddy system.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sufficient nitrogen improved vegetative growth under GCRPS.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- sufficient N supplye0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vegetative growth of GCRPS plants was improved with a sufficient N supply”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen reduction limited reproductive growth under GCRPS.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N reductione0
- Outcome
- reproductive growthe0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reproductive growth was limited with N reduction”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen reduction led to fewer spikelets and filled grains.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N reductione1
- Outcome
- number of spikelets and filled grainse0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which led to low number of spikelets and filled grains.”
t0“Rice”
e1“with N reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were lower under GCRPS.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GCRPSe0
- Outcome
- Soil organic C and total Ne0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 0–20‐cm soil depthe0
- Comparator
- paddy cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic C and total N (0–20‐cm soil depth) were both significantly lower under GCRPS than paddy cultivation”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization slightly reversed soil organic carbon and nitrogen reductions.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- organic C and N reductionse0
- Direction
- reversede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N fertilization slightly reversed organic C and N reductions.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judge GCRPS adaptable and stable in water-scarce, cool paddy areas with high clay and organic matter.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- GCRPS is highly adoptable and stablee0
- Qualifier
- where water scarcity and low temperature occur and high clay and organic matter contents prevaile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“GCRPS is highly adoptable and stable in typical paddy areas where water scarcity and low temperature occur and high clay and organic matter contents prevail”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
401 papers in the same direction as this paper · 101 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
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