Abstract
Abstract Deltamethrin at 12.5 g a.i./ha and cypermethrin at 50.0 g a.i./ha were applied three times from 35 days after planting (d.a.p.), at varying intervals, on cowpea var. Ife Brown, in 1981 early and late season crops. Damage to flowers and pods by the borer Maruca testulalis Geyer was greatest when the last two applications were made at 56 and 63 days (d.a.p.). The regimes which had the insecticides at 56 d.a.p., however, had lower populations of the pod bug Clavigralla shadabi (= Acanthomia horrida Germar), indicating that spray regimes which terminated early (49 d.a.p.) offered better protection from the pod borer but were inadequate for the pod bugs. The three weekly applications of deltamethrin terminating at 49 d.a.p. produced the highest grain yields of 874.5 kg/ha and 630.1 kg/ha in 1981 early and late crops, respectively. These were 19.7% and 8.2% higher than the best yields from cypermethrin plots. For both insecticides, yield loss increased as the interval between the last sprays increased. The possible adaptation of the results when using varieties that are resistant to some of the pests is discussed.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Maruca damage to flowers and pods was greatest when the last sprays occurred at 56 and 63 days after planting.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- last two applications were made at 56 and 63 days (d.a.p.)e0
- Interactor
- Maruca testulalis Geyer
.jpg?width=60)
Maruca testulalise0pest - Outcome
- Damage to flowers and pods by the borer Maruca testulalis Geyere0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Damage to flowers and pods by the borer Maruca testulalis Geyer was greatest when the last two applications were made at 56 and 63 days (d.a.p.).”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray regimes including 56 days after planting had lower Clavigralla shadabi populations.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- insecticides at 56 d.a.p.e0
- Interactor
- Clavigralla shadabiClavigralla shadabie0pest
- Outcome
- populations of the pod bug Clavigralla shadabie0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The regimes which had the insecticides at 56 d.a.p., however, had lower populations of the pod bug Clavigralla shadabi”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprays ending at 49 days after planting better protected against the pod borer.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- spray regimes which terminated early (49 d.a.p.)e0
- Interactor
- pod borere0pest
- Outcome
- protection from the pod borere0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spray regimes which terminated early (49 d.a.p.) offered better protection from the pod borer”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprays ending at 49 days after planting were inadequate against pod bugs.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- spray regimes which terminated early (49 d.a.p.)e1
- Interactor
- pod bugse0pest
- Outcome
- inadequate for the pod bugse0
- Direction
- inadequatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were inadequate for the pod bugs”
e1“spray regimes which terminated early (49 d.a.p.) offered better protection from the pod borer but were inadequate for the pod bugs.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Three weekly deltamethrin sprays ending at 49 days after planting yielded 874.5 kg/ha in the early 1981 crop.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- three weekly applications of deltamethrin terminating at 49 d.a.p.e0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 874.5 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 1981 earlye0
- Comparator
- cypermethrin plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The three weekly applications of deltamethrin terminating at 49 d.a.p. produced the highest grain yields of 874.5 kg/ha and 630.1 kg/ha in 1981 early and late crops, respectively.”
e1“These were 19.7% and 8.2% higher than the best yields from cypermethrin plots.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same deltamethrin schedule yielded 630.1 kg/ha in the late 1981 crop.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- three weekly applications of deltamethrin terminating at 49 d.a.p.e0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 630.1 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- late cropse0
- Comparator
- cypermethrin plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The three weekly applications of deltamethrin terminating at 49 d.a.p. produced the highest grain yields of 874.5 kg/ha and 630.1 kg/ha in 1981 early and late crops, respectively.”
e1“These were 19.7% and 8.2% higher than the best yields from cypermethrin plots.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Deltamethrin early-crop yield was 19.7% above the best cypermethrin yield.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- deltamethrine1
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 19.7%e0
- Qualifier
- earlye1
- Comparator
- cypermethrin plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These were 19.7% and 8.2% higher than the best yields from cypermethrin plots.”
e1“The three weekly applications of deltamethrin terminating at 49 d.a.p. produced the highest grain yields of 874.5 kg/ha and 630.1 kg/ha in 1981 early and late crops, respectively.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Deltamethrin late-crop yield was 8.2% above the best cypermethrin yield.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- deltamethrine1
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 8.2%e0
- Qualifier
- latee1
- Comparator
- cypermethrin plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These were 19.7% and 8.2% higher than the best yields from cypermethrin plots.”
e1“The three weekly applications of deltamethrin terminating at 49 d.a.p. produced the highest grain yields of 874.5 kg/ha and 630.1 kg/ha in 1981 early and late crops, respectively.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
For both insecticides, longer intervals between final sprays increased yield loss.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- both insecticidese0
- Outcome
- yield losse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- interval between the last sprays increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For both insecticides, yield loss increased as the interval between the last sprays increased.”
t0“cowpea”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.