Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of shoot aqueous extracts of diploid and mixoploid fenugreek at vegetative, flowering and fruiting stages on some physiological and biochemical processes in lettuce. The allelochemicals stress was registered as the result of aqueous extract application, which was added to the Hoagland nutrient solution at concentration corresponding to IC 50 (50% inhibition of germination or root growth). The germination inhibition seems to be correlated with membrane deterioration as proved by a strong electrolyte leakage, increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and mitochondrial respiration disruption due to a decrease in dehydrogenases activity. These disruptions were recorded with all test extracts, especially fruiting stage extract of diploid and mixoploid plants. For seedling growth inhibition, the roots showed the same interference, especially in the presence of aqueous extract of plant material harvested at the vegetative stage for diploid and at flowering of mixoploid plants. Chlorophyll content was slightly reduced while carotenoid content was significantly reduced. The lettuce seedlings have circumvented the allelochemicals stress, by i ) increasing the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) activity, ii ) accumulation of proline and iii ) the production of secondary metabolites with antioxidant potent, such as polyphenols, flavonoids and alkaloids. The importance of these phenomenons varied with the extract origin and target organ, which is in favor of speculating on the allelochemicals specificity and on the change in the chemical composition of different extracts. Also, understanding of the different mechanisms of allelochemicals may provide a basis for the development of growth regulators and natural pesticides to boost up production in sustainable agriculture.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Fenugreek aqueous extracts inhibited lettuce germination or root growth.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae1 - Treatment
- aqueous extract applicatione0
- Outcome
- germination or root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The allelochemicals stress was registered as the result of aqueous extract application, which was added to the Hoagland nutrient solution at concentration corresponding to IC 50 (50% inhibition of germination or root growth).”
e1“The lettuce seedlings have circumvented the allelochemicals stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination inhibition was associated with membrane deterioration.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Outcome
- germination inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- seems to be correlatede0
Not reportedOrgan / stageTreatmentDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination inhibition seems to be correlated with membrane deterioration as proved by a strong electrolyte leakage, increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and mitochondrial respiration disruption due to a decrease in dehydrogenases activity.”
e1“The lettuce seedlings have circumvented the allelochemicals stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract exposure increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content and decreased dehydrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- stronge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination inhibition seems to be correlated with membrane deterioration as proved by a strong electrolyte leakage, increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and mitochondrial respiration disruption due to a decrease in dehydrogenases activity.”
e1“The lettuce seedlings have circumvented the allelochemicals stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract treatment slightly reduced lettuce chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- slightlye0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll content was slightly reduced while carotenoid content was significantly reduced.”
e1“The lettuce seedlings have circumvented the allelochemicals stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract treatment significantly reduced lettuce carotenoid content.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Outcome
- carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll content was slightly reduced while carotenoid content was significantly reduced.”
e1“The lettuce seedlings have circumvented the allelochemicals stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce seedlings increased PAL and TAL activity under allelochemical stress.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- allelochemicals stresse0
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL)e0
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) activitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lettuce seedlings have circumvented the allelochemicals stress, by i ) increasing the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce seedlings accumulated proline under allelochemical stress.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- allelochemicals stresse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of prolinee0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lettuce seedlings have circumvented the allelochemicals stress, by i ) increasing the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) activity, ii ) accumulation of proline”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce seedlings produced antioxidant secondary metabolites under allelochemical stress.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- allelochemicals stresse0
- Outcome
- production of secondary metabolites with antioxidant potent, such as polyphenols, flavonoids and alkaloidse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lettuce seedlings have circumvented the allelochemicals stress, by i ) increasing the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) activity, ii ) accumulation of proline and iii ) the production of secondary metabolites with antioxidant potent, such as polyphenols, flavonoids and alkaloids.”
The same questions in other papers
allelopathy · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
botanical · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
156 papers in the same direction as this paper · 114 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
267 papers more in this group
See all 271 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.