Abstract
In experimentation with vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, the availability of non‐VAM control plants of equal size to VAM plants is a fundamental requirement. The purpose of this work was to determine nutrient regimes needed to achieve growth equivalence between VAM and non‐VAM plants. Soybean [ Glycine max (L.)Merr.] cv. Amsoy 71 and sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cv. Bok 8 plants were grown under controlled conditions in a soil (Josephine silty clay loam, mesic Typic Haploxerult) low in plant‐available P. Soybeans were inoculated with one of four species and sorghum with one of two species of VAM fungi. Non‐inoculated control plants received nutrient solutions that contained 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, or 1.0 mM P. while the growth of P‐supplemented controls may be equivalent to VAM plants, an important question remains: Are these plants also equivalent in terms of such functional parameters as leaf development, dry matter partitioning, and nutrient assimilation? The objective of this experiment was to answer these questions. The response to VAM colonization was similar in both hosts, although less extensive colonization was observed in sorghum. Dry weight, leaf area, and P content increased exponentially with nutrient solution P level. Plants colonized with VAM fungi grew 3 to 6 times larger than the P‐free controls but attained only 35 to 65% of maximum growth possible with high fertilizer P input. Host response to VAM colonization was equivalent to that of plants receiving between 0.12 and 0.22 mM P for phytomass, leaf area, and N content. Mycorrhizal plants contained less P, Mn, and root Fe but more Zn and Cu than comparable plants fertilized with P. It was concluded that P‐treated, non‐VAM plants differed physiologically and anatomically from VAM plants of equivalent size grown under P stress. It may therefore be necessary to establish the comparability of VAM plants and of “VAM‐equivalent controls” separately for each plant parameter of interest. Even then, differential growth responses in VAM‐host associations may prevent complete comparability between VAM and P‐fertilized plants.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum had less extensive VAM colonization than soybean.
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response to VAM colonization was similar in both hosts, although less extensive colonization was observed in sorghum.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry weight rose exponentially with nutrient solution phosphorus.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- nutrient solution P levele0
- Compound
- Pe0
- Outcome
- Dry weighte0
- Direction
- increased exponentiallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry weight, leaf area, and P content increased exponentially with nutrient solution P level.”
e1“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.)Merr.] cv. Amsoy 71 and sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cv. Bok 8 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area rose exponentially with nutrient solution phosphorus.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry weight, leaf area, and P content increased exponentially with nutrient solution P level.”
e1“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.)Merr.] cv. Amsoy 71 and sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cv. Bok 8 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant phosphorus content rose exponentially with nutrient solution phosphorus.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry weight, leaf area, and P content increased exponentially with nutrient solution P level.”
e1“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.)Merr.] cv. Amsoy 71 and sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cv. Bok 8 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM colonized plants were three to six times larger than phosphorus free controls.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- colonized with VAM fungie0
- Interactor
- VAM fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- grewe0
- Direction
- largere0
- Value
- 3 to 6 timese0
- Comparator
- P‐free controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants colonized with VAM fungi grew 3 to 6 times larger than the P‐free controls but attained only 35 to 65% of maximum growth possible with high fertilizer P input.”
e1“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.)Merr.] cv. Amsoy 71 and sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cv. Bok 8 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM colonized plants reached 35 to 65% of maximum growth with high phosphorus input.
- Treatment
- colonized with VAM fungie0
- Interactor
- VAM fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- onlye0
- Value
- 35 to 65%e0
- Comparator
- high fertilizer P inpute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants colonized with VAM fungi grew 3 to 6 times larger than the P‐free controls but attained only 35 to 65% of maximum growth possible with high fertilizer P input.”
e1“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.)Merr.] cv. Amsoy 71 and sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cv. Bok 8 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal response matched 0.12 to 0.22 mM phosphorus for phytomass, leaf area and nitrogen content.
- Interactor
- VAMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- phytomass, leaf area, and N contente0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Value
- 0.12 and 0.22 mM Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Host response to VAM colonization was equivalent to that of plants receiving between 0.12 and 0.22 mM P for phytomass, leaf area, and N content.”
e1“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.)Merr.] cv. Amsoy 71 and sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cv. Bok 8 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal plants contained less phosphorus, manganese and root iron than comparable phosphorus fertilized plants.
- Interactor
- Mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- P, Mn, and root Fee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- comparable plants fertilized with Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycorrhizal plants contained less P, Mn, and root Fe but more Zn and Cu than comparable plants fertilized with P.”
e1“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.)Merr.] cv. Amsoy 71 and sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cv. Bok 8 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal plants contained more zinc and copper than comparable phosphorus fertilized plants.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycorrhizal plants contained less P, Mn, and root Fe but more Zn and Cu than comparable plants fertilized with P.”
e1“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.)Merr.] cv. Amsoy 71 and sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cv. Bok 8 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that phosphorus treated nonmycorrhizal plants differed physiologically and anatomically from size matched VAM plants.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was concluded that P‐treated, non‐VAM plants differed physiologically and anatomically from VAM plants of equivalent size grown under P stress.”
e1“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.)Merr.] cv. Amsoy 71 and sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cv. Bok 8 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise establishing VAM control comparability for each plant parameter separately.
- Outcome
- establish the comparability of VAM plants and of “VAM‐equivalent controls” separately for each plant parameter of intereste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It may therefore be necessary to establish the comparability of VAM plants and of “VAM‐equivalent controls” separately for each plant parameter of interest.”
e1“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.)Merr.] cv. Amsoy 71 and sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cv. Bok 8 plants”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · growth · SorghumResults differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.