Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes 29 AT-hook motif containing nuclear localized (AHL) genes, which evolved into two phylogenic clades. The AHL proteins contain one or two AT-hook motif(s) and one plant and prokaryote conserved (PPC)/domain of unknown function #296 (DUF296) domain. Seedlings lacking both SOB3/AHL29 and ESC/AHL27 confer a subtle long-hypocotyl phenotype compared with the WT or either single-null mutant. In contrast, the missense allele sob3-6 confers a dramatic long-hypocotyl phenotype in the light. In this study, we examined the dominant-negative feature of sob3-6 and found that it encodes a protein with a disrupted AT-hook motif that abolishes binding to AT-rich DNA. A loss-of-function approach demonstrated different, yet redundant, contributions of additional AHL genes in suppressing hypocotyl elongation in the light. We showed that AHL proteins interact with each other and themselves via the PPC/DUF296 domain. AHLs also share interactions with other nuclear proteins, such as transcription factors, suggesting that these interactions also contribute to the functional redundancy within this gene family. The coordinated action of AHLs requires an AT-hook motif capable of binding AT-rich DNA, as well as a PPC/DUF296 domain containing a conserved Gly-Arg-Phe-Glu-Ile-Leu region. Alteration of this region abolished SOB3/AHL29's physical interaction with transcription factors and resulted in a dominant-negative allele in planta that was phenotypically similar to sob3-6. We propose a molecular model where AHLs interact with each other and themselves, as well as other nuclear proteins, to form complexes which modulate plant growth and development.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings lacking both SOB3/AHL29 and ESC/AHL27 had a subtle long-hypocotyl phenotype compared with the wild type or either single-null mutant.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- lacking both SOB3/AHL29 and ESC/AHL27e1
- Gene
- SOB3/AHL29 and ESC/AHL27e1
- Outcome
- long-hypocotyl phenotypee1
- Comparator
- WT or either single-null mutante1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“Seedlings lacking both SOB3/AHL29 and ESC/AHL27 confer a subtle long-hypocotyl phenotype compared with the WT or either single-null mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
The missense allele sob3-6 conferred a dramatic long-hypocotyl phenotype in the light.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- sob3-6e1
- Outcome
- long-hypocotyl phenotypee1
- Qualifier
- in the lighte1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“the missense allele sob3-6 confers a dramatic long-hypocotyl phenotype in the light”
Claim · model-written summary
The sob3-6 allele encodes a protein with a disrupted AT-hook motif that abolishes binding to AT-rich DNA.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- AT-hook motife1
- Outcome
- binding to AT-rich DNAe1
- Direction
- abolishese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“it encodes a protein with a disrupted AT-hook motif that abolishes binding to AT-rich DNA”
Claim · model-written summary
A loss-of-function approach showed different but redundant contributions of additional AHL genes in suppressing hypocotyl elongation in the light.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- loss-of-function approache1
- Gene
- additional AHL genese1
- Outcome
- hypocotyl elongatione1
- Direction
- suppressinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“A loss-of-function approach demonstrated different, yet redundant, contributions of additional AHL genes in suppressing hypocotyl elongation in the light”
Claim · model-written summary
AHL proteins interact with each other and themselves via the PPC/DUF296 domain.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- AHL proteinse1
- Outcome
- interact with each other and themselvese1
- Qualifier
- PPC/DUF296 domaine1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“AHL proteins interact with each other and themselves via the PPC/DUF296 domain”
Claim · model-written summary
AHLs also share interactions with other nuclear proteins such as transcription factors.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- AHLse1
- Outcome
- share interactions with other nuclear proteinse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“AHLs also share interactions with other nuclear proteins, such as transcription factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Alteration of the conserved Gly-Arg-Phe-Glu-Ile-Leu region of the PPC/DUF296 domain abolished the physical interaction of SOB3/AHL29 with transcription factors.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Alteration of this regione1
- Gene
- SOB3/AHL29e1
- Outcome
- physical interaction with transcription factorse1
- Direction
- abolishede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“Alteration of this region abolished SOB3/AHL29's physical interaction with transcription factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Alteration of that region also produced a dominant-negative allele in planta phenotypically similar to sob3-6.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- sob3-6e1
- Treatment
- Alteration of this regione1
- Outcome
- dominant-negative allelee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“Alteration of this region abolished SOB3/AHL29's physical interaction with transcription factors and resulted in a dominant-negative allele in planta that was phenotypically similar to sob3-6”
Claim · model-written summary
The coordinated action of AHLs requires an AT-hook motif able to bind AT-rich DNA and a PPC/DUF296 domain containing a conserved Gly-Arg-Phe-Glu-Ile-Leu region.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- AT-hook motife1
- Outcome
- coordinated action of AHLse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“The coordinated action of AHLs requires an AT-hook motif capable of binding AT-rich DNA, as well as a PPC/DUF296 domain containing a conserved Gly-Arg-Phe-Glu-Ile-Leu region”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that AHLs interact with each other, themselves and other nuclear proteins to form complexes that modulate plant growth and development.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- AHLse1
- Outcome
- plant growth and developmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“We propose a molecular model where AHLs interact with each other and themselves, as well as other nuclear proteins, to form complexes which modulate plant growth and development”