Abstract
With the atmospheric concentration of CO 2 increasing, it is important to know how this will affect crop growth. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of enriched CO 2 on root growth of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ‘Newton’) under both wellwatered and dry conditions. The wheat was grown for 3 yr in 16 plastic chambers (121 by 92 by 168 cm) in the field under ambient CO 2 (340 μL L −1 ) and elevated levels of CO 2 (485, 660, and 825 μL L −1 ). Each chamber was placed over an underground box (77 by 37 cm at the top; 180 cm deep) containing a Muir silt loam (fine‐silly, mixed, mesic Cumulic Haplustoll). The boxes could be pulled out of the ground for observation of roots. Half of the boxes were maintained at field capacity (0.38 m −3 m −3 ) (well‐watered or not stressed plants) and half between 0.14 to 0.25 m3 m 3 (drought‐stressed plants). At harvest, root dry weights at different depths and stem dry weight were determined. Roots of plants grown under the three elevated levels of CO 2 penetrated to the maximum depth of observation (176 cm) before roots of plants grown under the ambient level. At harvest, the difference in root growth between elevated and ambient levels of CO 2 was most pronounced at the top level (0‐ to 10‐cm depth). Roots of drought‐stressed plants grown with 825 μL L −1 CO 2 had a greater dry weight than roots of well‐watered plants grown with ambient CO 2 . The ratio of root to stem weight usually showed no trend (neither increase or decrease) with increasing CO 2 concentration. Total dry weight at harvest of well‐watered root grown at ambient CO 2 (3‐yr mean: 118 g m −2 ) was similar to that of drought‐stressed roots grown at the highest level of CO2 (3‐yr mean: 123 g m −2 ). The results indicated that high CO 2 (825 μL L −1 ) can compensate for restrictions in root growth by drought.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide accelerated root penetration to 176 cm compared with ambient carbon dioxide.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- three elevated levels of CO 2e0
- Outcome
- penetrated to the maximum depth of observatione0
- Direction
- beforee0
- Value
- 176 cme0
- Comparator
- ambient levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roots of plants grown under the three elevated levels of CO 2 penetrated to the maximum depth of observation (176 cm) before roots of plants grown under the ambient level”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The elevated versus ambient carbon dioxide root growth difference was greatest at 0 to 10 cm depth at harvest.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevatede0
- Outcome
- difference in root growthe0
- Direction
- most pronouncede0
- Qualifier
- 0‐ to 10‐cm depthe0
- Comparator
- ambient levels of CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, the difference in root growth between elevated and ambient levels of CO 2 was most pronounced at the top level (0‐ to 10‐cm depth)”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At 825 μL L −1 carbon dioxide, drought stressed roots had greater dry weight than well watered roots at ambient carbon dioxide.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- drought‐stressed plants grown with 825 μL L −1 CO 2e0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- well‐watered plants grown with ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roots of drought‐stressed plants grown with 825 μL L −1 CO 2 had a greater dry weight than roots of well‐watered plants grown with ambient CO 2”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Root to stem weight ratio generally showed no trend with increasing carbon dioxide.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing CO 2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- ratio of root to stem weighte0
- Direction
- no trende0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ratio of root to stem weight usually showed no trend (neither increase or decrease) with increasing CO 2 concentration”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ambient well watered and highest carbon dioxide drought stressed roots had similar total dry weight at harvest.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- drought‐stressed roots grown at the highest level of CO2e0
- Outcome
- Total dry weight at harveste0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 123 g m −2e0
- Qualifier
- 3‐yr mean: 118 g m −2e0
- Comparator
- well‐watered root grown at ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total dry weight at harvest of well‐watered root grown at ambient CO 2 (3‐yr mean: 118 g m −2 ) was similar to that of drought‐stressed roots grown at the highest level of CO2 (3‐yr mean: 123 g m −2 )”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High carbon dioxide can compensate for drought restrictions on root growth.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high CO 2 (825 μL L −1 )e0
- Outcome
- restrictions in root growth by droughte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high CO 2 (825 μL L −1 ) can compensate for restrictions in root growth by drought”
t0“Winter Wheat”
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