Abstract
The effects of mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) on the photochemical activity of photosystem II (PSII) in wheat and soybean leaf discs incubated in ZEN solutions as well as the after-effects of pre-sowing soaking of seeds in solutions containing ZEN on the photochemical activity of PSII and on the seedlings growth under salt stress (NaCl solutions were investigated). The incubation of wheat leaf discs in ZEN solutions strongly inhibited the energy flux per cross section (CS) for absorption (ABS/CS), trapping (TRo/CS) and electron transport (ETo/CS), while the effects of ZEN action on soybean discs were opposite and the values of those parameters significantly increased with the increase in ZEN concentration. Incubation of seeds in a ZEN solution resulted in an increase in photochemical efficiency of PSII in soybean seedlings, but did not induce any response of PSII in those of wheat at medium illuminations. Only at the stronger illumination for both species did ZEN induce an increase in efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centers, photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence and quantum yield of PSII electron transport. Pre-sowing soaking of seeds in a ZEN solution decreased the photoinhibitory injuries of PSII in wheat and soybean due to safe scattering of the excess excitation energy through an increase in energy-dependent quenching (qE) and state transition quenching (qT). ZEN when added to NaCl solutions during the period of germination contributed to reduction in the growth inhibition of wheat seedlings. The incubation of wheat leaf discs in ZEN solutions strongly inhibited CS, ABS/CS, TRo/CS and ETo/CS. Possible effects of ZEN on some physiological processes in plants have been discussed especially in the context with photochemical activity of PSII and a salt stress.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
ZEN inhibited wheat leaf disc absorption, trapping and electron transport fluxes.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- ZEN solutionse0
- Outcome
- energy flux per cross section (CS) for absorption (ABS/CS), trapping (TRo/CS) and electron transport (ETo/CS)e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“incubation of wheat leaf discs in ZEN solutions strongly inhibited the energy flux per cross section (CS) for absorption (ABS/CS), trapping (TRo/CS) and electron transport (ETo/CS)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZEN significantly increased the same parameters in soybean discs as concentration rose.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- ZENe0
- Outcome
- values of those parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of ZEN action on soybean discs were opposite and the values of those parameters significantly increased with the increase in ZEN concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed incubation in ZEN increased soybean seedling PSII efficiency.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- ZEN solutione0
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiency of PSIIe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incubation of seeds in a ZEN solution resulted in an increase in photochemical efficiency of PSII in soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed incubation in ZEN did not induce a wheat PSII response at medium light.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ZEN solutione0
- Outcome
- response of PSIIe0
- Direction
- did not induce any responsee0
- Qualifier
- medium illuminationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incubation of seeds in a ZEN solution resulted in an increase in photochemical efficiency of PSII in soybean seedlings, but did not induce any response of PSII in those of wheat at medium illuminations”
Claim · model-written summary
At stronger light, ZEN increased capture efficiency, photochemical quenching and electron transport yield in both species.
- Taxon
- wheat and soybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ZENe0
- Outcome
- efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centers, photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence and quantum yield of PSII electron transporte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at the stronger illumination for both species did ZEN induce an increase in efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centers, photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence and quantum yield of PSII electron transport”
t0“wheat and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
ZEN seed soaking decreased PSII photoinhibitory injury in wheat and soybean.
- Taxon
- wheat and soybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Pre-sowing soaking of seeds in a ZEN solutione0
- Outcome
- photoinhibitory injuries of PSIIe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-sowing soaking of seeds in a ZEN solution decreased the photoinhibitory injuries of PSII in wheat and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
ZEN added to NaCl during germination reduced wheat seedling growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ZEN when added to NaCl solutionse0
- Outcome
- growth inhibition of wheat seedlingse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZEN when added to NaCl solutions during the period of germination contributed to reduction in the growth inhibition of wheat seedlings”
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See all 72 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.