Abstract
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 'Augustynka' and 'Złota Saxa' and runner beans (Ph. coccineus L.) 'Blanka' and 'Eureka' were seeded on loess-like soil containing 1.6% of organic matter, and sprayed with pendimethalin at the dose of 1650 g•ha-1 ' immediately after seeding in the middle of May. The herbicide inhibited shoot growth and caused enlargement of the stem at the soil level. Observations made in light and scanning electron microscope showed that in the swollen parts of the stem, the diameter of cortical parenchyma cells was bigger, the thickness of phloem layer was irregular, phloem fibers were less lignified, and the xylem cylinder was asymmetrical. In stems of 'Augustynka', 'Złota Saxa' and 'Eureka' cultivars, the thickness of secondary xylem and the diameter of vessels were reduced. Some vessels and tracheids were positioned transversely and obliquely to the stem axis and had an arched shape. Cell walls were less lignified and had a smaller number of pits. The largest number of histological anomalies was found in stems of the 'Augustynka' and 'Złota Saxa' cultivars.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin inhibited bean shoot growth.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- pendimethalin at the dose of 1650 g•ha-1e1
- Outcome
- shoot growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 'Augustynka' and 'Złota Saxa'”
e1“sprayed with pendimethalin at the dose of 1650 g•ha-1”
e2“The herbicide inhibited shoot growth and caused enlargement of the stem at the soil level”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin caused enlargement of the stem at the soil level in beans.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin at the dose of 1650 g•ha-1e1
- Outcome
- enlargement of the stem at the soil levele2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 'Augustynka' and 'Złota Saxa'”
e1“sprayed with pendimethalin at the dose of 1650 g•ha-1”
e2“The herbicide inhibited shoot growth and caused enlargement of the stem at the soil level”
Claim · model-written summary
In the swollen stem parts, the diameter of cortical parenchyma cells was bigger.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- swollen parts of the steme3
- Outcome
- diameter of cortical parenchyma cellse3
- Direction
- biggere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 'Augustynka' and 'Złota Saxa'”
e3“Observations made in light and scanning electron microscope showed that in the swollen parts of the stem, the diameter of cortical parenchyma cells was bigger, the thickness of phloem layer was irregular, phloem fibers were less lignified, and the xylem cylinder was asymmetrical”
Claim · model-written summary
In the swollen stem parts, the thickness of the phloem layer was irregular.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- swollen parts of the steme3
- Outcome
- thickness of phloem layere3
- Direction
- irregulare3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 'Augustynka' and 'Złota Saxa'”
e3“Observations made in light and scanning electron microscope showed that in the swollen parts of the stem, the diameter of cortical parenchyma cells was bigger, the thickness of phloem layer was irregular, phloem fibers were less lignified, and the xylem cylinder was asymmetrical”
Claim · model-written summary
In the swollen stem parts, phloem fibers were less lignified.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- swollen parts of the steme3
- Outcome
- phloem fiberse3
- Direction
- less lignifiede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 'Augustynka' and 'Złota Saxa'”
e3“Observations made in light and scanning electron microscope showed that in the swollen parts of the stem, the diameter of cortical parenchyma cells was bigger, the thickness of phloem layer was irregular, phloem fibers were less lignified, and the xylem cylinder was asymmetrical”
Claim · model-written summary
In the swollen stem parts, the xylem cylinder was asymmetrical.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- swollen parts of the steme3
- Outcome
- xylem cylindere3
- Direction
- asymmetricale3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 'Augustynka' and 'Złota Saxa'”
e3“Observations made in light and scanning electron microscope showed that in the swollen parts of the stem, the diameter of cortical parenchyma cells was bigger, the thickness of phloem layer was irregular, phloem fibers were less lignified, and the xylem cylinder was asymmetrical”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin reduced the thickness of secondary xylem and the diameter of vessels in the Augustynka, Złota Saxa and Eureka cultivars.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- 'Augustynka', 'Złota Saxa' and 'Eureka'e4
- Treatment
- pendimethalin at the dose of 1650 g•ha-1e1
- Outcome
- the thickness of secondary xylem and the diameter of vesselse4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 'Augustynka' and 'Złota Saxa'”
e1“sprayed with pendimethalin at the dose of 1650 g•ha-1”
e4“In stems of 'Augustynka', 'Złota Saxa' and 'Eureka' cultivars, the thickness of secondary xylem and the diameter of vessels were reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell walls were less lignified and had fewer pits in treated beans.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Outcome
- Cell wallse5
- Direction
- less lignifiede5
- Qualifier
- had a smaller number of pitse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 'Augustynka' and 'Złota Saxa'”
e5“Cell walls were less lignified and had a smaller number of pits”
Claim · model-written summary
Some vessels and tracheids were positioned transversely and obliquely to the stem axis in treated beans.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Outcome
- vessels and tracheidse6
- Qualifier
- positioned transversely and obliquely to the stem axis and had an arched shapee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 'Augustynka' and 'Złota Saxa'”
e6“Some vessels and tracheids were positioned transversely and obliquely to the stem axis and had an arched shape”
Claim · model-written summary
The largest number of histological anomalies was found in the Augustynka and Złota Saxa cultivars.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- 'Augustynka' and 'Złota Saxa'e7
- Outcome
- histological anomaliese7
- Qualifier
- the largest numbere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 'Augustynka' and 'Złota Saxa'”
e7“The largest number of histological anomalies was found in stems of the 'Augustynka' and 'Złota Saxa' cultivars”
The same questions in other papers
pendimethalin · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.