Abstract
Nicotine and nicotine salts are taken up by the roots of plants from solutions, and when 0.01–0.001 % nicotine is used the plants become toxic to Aphis fabae and to Pieris brassicae larvae and can be shown to contain nicotine. The results with Phaedon cochleariae adults and larvae are less satisfactory. No systemic action is observed when the nicotine is watered on to soil in which plants are growing and no nicotine can be detected in the plants. Apparently the nicotine is decomposed in the soil. When applied several times to the upper surface of a bean leaf nicotine kills aphids on the underside. There is some evidence that nicotine can be translocated further through the plant following leaf applications, but the toxic action at any distance is very weak in the plants used in the present experiments and can only be produced by frequent applications of rather concentrated nicotine solutions. Leaf absorption and subsequent translocation has not been observed with nicotine salts. The various organic bases, including some piperidine phosphonites and allied compounds tested, are of very little interest as contact or systemic insecticides against aphids.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Roots took up nicotine and nicotine salts from solutions.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- taken up by the rootse0
Verbatim
e0“Nicotine and nicotine salts are taken up by the roots of plants from solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants treated with 0.01–0.001 % nicotine became toxic to Aphis fabae.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- 0.01–0.001 % nicotinee0
- Interactor
- Aphis fabae
Aphis fabaee0pest - Outcome
- toxice0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when 0.01–0.001 % nicotine is used the plants become toxic to Aphis fabae and to Pieris brassicae larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants treated with 0.01–0.001 % nicotine became toxic to Pieris brassicae.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- 0.01–0.001 % nicotinee0
- Interactor
- Pieris brassicae
_Pieris_brassicae_-_Foret_de_Bouconne%2C_France_-_female.jpg?width=60)
Pieris brassicaee0pest - Outcome
- toxice0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Pieris_brassicae_-_Foret_de_Bouconne%2C_France_-_female.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“when 0.01–0.001 % nicotine is used the plants become toxic to Aphis fabae and to Pieris brassicae larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants treated with nicotine contained nicotine.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- contain nicotinee0
Verbatim
e0“the plants become toxic to Aphis fabae and to Pieris brassicae larvae and can be shown to contain nicotine.”
Claim · model-written summary
Results with Phaedon cochleariae adults and larvae were less satisfactory.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaet0
- Interactor
- Phaedon cochleariae
Phaedon cochleariaee0pest - Outcome
- less satisfactorye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results with Phaedon cochleariae adults and larvae are less satisfactory.”
t0“roots of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicotine watered onto soil had no observed systemic action in plants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- nicotine is watered on to soile0
- Outcome
- systemic actione0
- Direction
- Noe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“No systemic action is observed when the nicotine is watered on to soil in which plants are growing”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicotine could not be detected in plants after soil watering.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- nicotinee0
- Outcome
- nicotine can be detectede0
- Direction
- noe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“no nicotine can be detected in the plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicotine applied repeatedly to the upper bean leaf surface killed aphids underneath.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- nicotinee0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- kills aphidse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“When applied several times to the upper surface of a bean leaf nicotine kills aphids on the underside.”
Claim · model-written summary
After leaf application, evidence suggested weak longer distance nicotine translocation requiring frequent concentrated treatments.
Verbatim
e0“There is some evidence that nicotine can be translocated further through the plant following leaf applications, but the toxic action at any distance is very weak in the plants used in the present experiments and can only be produced by frequent applications of rather concentrated nicotine solutions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Distant toxic action after leaf nicotine application was very weak.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- toxic action at any distancee0
- Direction
- very weake0
Verbatim
e0“the toxic action at any distance is very weak in the plants used in the present experiments and can only be produced by frequent applications of rather concentrated nicotine solutions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf absorption and subsequent translocation were not observed for nicotine salts.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaet0
- Treatment
- nicotine saltse0
- Outcome
- Leaf absorption and subsequent translocatione0
Verbatim
e0“Leaf absorption and subsequent translocation has not been observed with nicotine salts.”
t0“roots of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Tested organic bases showed very little contact or systemic insecticidal value against aphids.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaet0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- contact or systemic insecticidese0
Verbatim
e0“The various organic bases, including some piperidine phosphonites and allied compounds tested, are of very little interest as contact or systemic insecticides against aphids.”
t0“roots of plants”