Abstract
Abstract A study was made of the effects of soil salinity on dry matter production, grain yield, and the uptake, distribution and redistribution of mineral nutrients in irrigated grain sorghum. Soil salinity (EC, 3.6 mS/cm) reduced seedling establishment by 77%, and dry matter and grain yields per plant by 32%; grain yield/ha was reduced by 84%. Salinity reduced grain number per head, but not individual grain size. The accumulation of dry matter and most nutrients was reduced by salinity, but the distribution and redistribution of nutrients within the plant were largely unaffected. Redistributed dry matter provided 52 and 31% of the grain dry matter for control and salt‐affected plants, respectively. Salt‐affected plants had a greater proportion of their sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl) in stems and leaves than control plants at maturity. Grain had 50–90% of the nitrogen <N), phosphorus (P), S, and Mg, 20–50% of the potassium (K), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), but < 20% of the calcium (Ca), Na, Cl, and iron (Fe) contents of the whole plant. Over 65% of the N and P, and from 20 to 30% of the K, S, Mg, Cu, and Zn was redistributed from the stem and leaves to grain. There was no redistribution of Ca, Na, Cl, Fe, and Mn. Leaves were more important than the stem as a source of redistributed N, but the leaves and stem were equally important as sources of redistributed P, K, S, Mg, and Cu. Redistribution from the stem and leaves provided 80% of the K and 20–50% of the N, P, S, Mg, Zn, and Cu accumulated by grain. Concentrations of Na, and especially Cl, were high in vegetative organs of salt‐affected plants, but not in grain. It was concluded that although moderate salinity was detrimental to the establishment and yield of grain sorghum, it had little effect on patterns of distribution and extents of redistribution of mineral nutrients.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Soil salinity reduced grain sorghum seedling establishment by 77% relative to control plants.
- Taxon
- grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolort0 - Treatment
- soil salinityt0
- Outcome
- seedling establishmente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 77%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“Soil salinity (EC, 3.6 mS/cm) reduced seedling establishment by 77%, and dry matter and grain yields per plant by 32%”
e1“than control plants at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil salinity reduced dry matter and grain yield per plant by 32% relative to control plants.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- soil salinityt0
- Outcome
- dry matter and grain yields per plante0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“Soil salinity (EC, 3.6 mS/cm) reduced seedling establishment by 77%, and dry matter and grain yields per plant by 32%”
e1“than control plants at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil salinity reduced grain yield per hectare by 84% relative to control plants.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- soil salinityt0
- Outcome
- grain yield/hae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 84%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“grain yield/ha was reduced by 84%”
e1“than control plants at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced grain number per head in grain sorghum relative to control plants.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- grain number per heade0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“Salinity reduced grain number per head, but not individual grain size”
e1“than control plants at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity did not reduce individual grain size in grain sorghum relative to control plants.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- individual grain sizee0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“Salinity reduced grain number per head, but not individual grain size”
e1“than control plants at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced the accumulation of dry matter and most nutrients in grain sorghum relative to control plants.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- accumulation of dry matter and most nutrientse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“The accumulation of dry matter and most nutrients was reduced by salinity”
e1“than control plants at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Under soil salinity, the distribution and redistribution of nutrients within grain sorghum plants were largely unaffected.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- soil salinityt0
- Outcome
- distribution and redistribution of nutrients within the plante0
- Direction
- largely unaffectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“the distribution and redistribution of nutrients within the plant were largely unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Redistributed dry matter supplied a lower share of grain dry matter in salt-affected than in control sorghum plants (52% versus 31%).
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- soil salinityt0
- Outcome
- Redistributed dry mattere0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 52 and 31%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“Redistributed dry matter provided 52 and 31% of the grain dry matter for control”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain held 50–90% of the whole-plant nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and magnesium in grain sorghum.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Organ / stage
- Graine0
- Outcome
- nitrogen <N), phosphorus (P), S, and Mge0
- Value
- 50–90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“Grain had 50–90% of the nitrogen <N), phosphorus (P), S, and Mg”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain held 20–50% of the whole-plant potassium, manganese, zinc and copper in grain sorghum.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- potassium (K), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu)e0
- Value
- 20–50%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“20–50% of the potassium (K), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain held less than 20% of the whole-plant calcium, sodium, chloride and iron in grain sorghum.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- calcium (Ca), Na, Cl, and iron (Fe) contentse0
- Value
- < 20%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“but < 20% of the calcium (Ca), Na, Cl, and iron (Fe) contents of the whole plant”
Claim · model-written summary
More than 65% of the nitrogen and phosphorus was redistributed from the stem and leaves to grain in grain sorghum.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Organ / stage
- stem and leavese0
- Outcome
- N and Pe0
- Value
- Over 65%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“Over 65% of the N and P, and from 20 to 30% of the K, S, Mg, Cu, and Zn was redistributed from the stem and leaves to grain”
Claim · model-written summary
From 20 to 30% of potassium, sulfur, magnesium, copper and zinc was redistributed from the stem and leaves to grain in grain sorghum.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Organ / stage
- stem and leavese0
- Outcome
- K, S, Mg, Cu, and Zne0
- Value
- 20 to 30%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“Over 65% of the N and P, and from 20 to 30% of the K, S, Mg, Cu, and Zn was redistributed from the stem and leaves to grain”
Claim · model-written summary
In grain sorghum there was no redistribution of calcium, sodium, chloride, iron and manganese.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- redistribution of Ca, Na, Cl, Fe, and Mne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“There was no redistribution of Ca, Na, Cl, Fe, and Mn”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves were a more important source of redistributed nitrogen than the stem in grain sorghum.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Organ / stage
- Leavese0
- Outcome
- as a source of redistributed Ne0
- Comparator
- the steme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“Leaves were more important than the stem as a source of redistributed N”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves and stem were equally important sources of redistributed phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, magnesium and copper in grain sorghum.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and steme0
- Outcome
- as sources of redistributed P, K, S, Mg, and Cue0
- Qualifier
- equally importante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“the leaves and stem were equally important as sources of redistributed P, K, S, Mg, and Cu”
Claim · model-written summary
Redistribution from the stem and leaves supplied 80% of the potassium accumulated by grain in grain sorghum.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Organ / stage
- stem and leavese0
- Outcome
- Redistributione0
- Value
- 80%e0
- Qualifier
- of the Ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“Redistribution from the stem and leaves provided 80% of the K”
Claim · model-written summary
Redistribution supplied 20–50% of the nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium, zinc and copper accumulated by grain in grain sorghum.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- N, P, S, Mg, Zn, and Cue0
- Value
- 20–50%e0
- Qualifier
- accumulated by graine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“20–50% of the N, P, S, Mg, Zn, and Cu accumulated by grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium and chloride concentrations were high in vegetative organs of salt-affected grain sorghum plants.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative organse0
- Treatment
- soil salinityt0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of Na, and especially Cle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“Concentrations of Na, and especially Cl, were high in vegetative organs”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-affected grain sorghum plants had a greater proportion of sulfur, magnesium, sodium and chloride in stems and leaves than control plants at maturity.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Organ / stage
- stems and leavese0
- Treatment
- soil salinityt0
- Outcome
- sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl)e0
- Direction
- greater proportione0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in grain sorghum as affected by soil salinity”
e0“greater proportion of their sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl) in stems and leaves than control plants at maturity”
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See all 24 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.