Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in South Australia to examine the relationship between juvenile lodging (lodging prior to stem elongation) and ear production in barley. Two levels of nitrogen application and six treatments were used either to prevent or increase juvenile lodging in two cultivars. Applications of 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCC) at the fourth and sixth leaf stages shortened both pseudostems and leaves, prevented juvenile lodging, and increased the number of ears and the grain yield. CCC did not reduce the mature plant height, but did increase the incidence of Rhynchosporium secalis in one cultivar. Ear numbers were marginally increased by supporting the crop with a wire grid or by defoliating the crop to 20 cm at the fifth leaf stage, but this advantage was nullified by a compensating decrease in the other yield components. Removing up to 4 units of leaf area index at this stage did not reduce the yield. Deliberately lodging the crop before stem elongation had little effect since most of the controls lodged naturally. All treatments became erect during stem elongation, and the plants did not lodge again before maturity. It is concluded that short pseudostems, a maximum leaf length under 30 cm, fewer leaves per culm and a shorter period prior to stem elongation are characters which will reduce the juvenile lodging in barley which occurs when the crop is sown early at high plant densities or is grown at high fertility levels.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
CCC shortened barley pseudostems and leaves.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCC)e0
- Outcome
- pseudostems and leavese0
- Direction
- shortenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Applications of 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCC) at the fourth and sixth leaf stages shortened both pseudostems and leaves”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC prevented juvenile lodging.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCC)e0
- Outcome
- juvenile lodginge0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCC) at the fourth and sixth leaf stages shortened both pseudostems and leaves, prevented juvenile lodging”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC increased ear number and grain yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCC)e0
- Outcome
- number of ears and the grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCC) at the fourth and sixth leaf stages shortened both pseudostems and leaves, prevented juvenile lodging, and increased the number of ears and the grain yield.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC did not reduce mature plant height.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- CCCe0
- Outcome
- mature plant heighte0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CCC did not reduce the mature plant height”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC increased Rhynchosporium secalis incidence in one cultivar.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- CCCe0
- Interactor
- Rhynchosporium secalis
.jpg?width=60)
Rhynchosporium secalise0pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of Rhynchosporium secalise0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- one cultivare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“CCC did not reduce the mature plant height, but did increase the incidence of Rhynchosporium secalis in one cultivar.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Wire support marginally increased ear number.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- supporting the crop with a wire gride0
- Outcome
- Ear numberse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ear numbers were marginally increased by supporting the crop with a wire grid or by defoliating the crop to 20 cm at the fifth leaf stage”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation marginally increased ear number.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- defoliating the crop to 20 cm at the fifth leaf stagee0
- Outcome
- Ear numberse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ear numbers were marginally increased by supporting the crop with a wire grid or by defoliating the crop to 20 cm at the fifth leaf stage”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Other yield components decreased and offset the ear advantage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- other yield componentse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this advantage was nullified by a compensating decrease in the other yield components.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing up to four leaf area index units did not reduce yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Removing up to 4 units of leaf area indexe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Removing up to 4 units of leaf area index at this stage did not reduce the yield.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Deliberate early lodging had little effect because controls lodged naturally.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Deliberately lodging the crop before stem elongatione0
- Outcome
- little effecte0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deliberately lodging the crop before stem elongation had little effect since most of the controls lodged naturally.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
All treated plants became erect during stem elongation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- stem elongatione0
- Outcome
- became erecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments became erect during stem elongation”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants did not lodge again before maturity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- before maturitye0
- Outcome
- did not lodge againe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plants did not lodge again before maturity.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Short pseudostems, leaves under 30 cm, fewer leaves per culm, and earlier stem elongation were concluded to reduce juvenile lodging.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- reduce the juvenile lodginge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“short pseudostems, a maximum leaf length under 30 cm, fewer leaves per culm and a shorter period prior to stem elongation are characters which will reduce the juvenile lodging in barley”
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