Abstract
Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung Maximum arrowleaf sida ( Sida rhombifolia L.) germination occurred at 35°C, whereas prickly sida ( Sida spinosa L.) germinated to the same extent at 35 or 40°C. Arrowleaf sida germinated better than prickly sida at 20 and 25°C, but did not germinate at 40°C. Less than 50% of seed from both species were viable at 45°C after 21 days of exposure. Both species exhibited more than 75% germination at a range of pH from 5.0 to 8.0. Arrowleaf sida germinated to a greater extent than prickly sida from 0 to —800 kPa, and an osmotic stress of —200 kPa reduced prickly sida germination, whereas —400 kPa was necessary to reduce arrowleaf sida germination. Prickly sida emergence was optimal at a planting depth of 0.5 cm, and declined rapidly at deeper planting depths. However, arrowleaf sida emergence was equivalent at planting depths of 0.5–2.0 cm, with declining emergence below 2.0 cm. Neither species emerged from depths exceeding 5.0 cm. Light did not influence the germination of arrowleaf sida or prickly sida. Sida rhombifolia et Sida spinosa: germination et levee Le maximum du germination pour Sida rhombifolia L. a été atteint à 35°C tandis que Sida spinosa L. a germé de facon équivalente à 35 ou 40°C. S. rhombifolia a mieux germé que S. spinosa à 20 et 25°C, mais n'a pas germéà 40°C. Moins de 20% de graines des deux espèces étaient encore viables à 45°C après 21 jours dèxposition. Les deux especes ont germéà plus de 75% dans des niveaux de pH allant de 5 à 8. S. rhombifolia a mieux germe que S. spinosa de 0 à 800 kPa, et un stress osmotique de —200 kPa a réduit la germination de S. spinosa , tandis que —400 kPa ont été nécessaires pour réquire la germination de S. rhombifolia . La levée de S. spinosa était optimale à une profondeur de semis de 0,5 cm, et décroissait rapidement à des profondeurs plus élevées. Cependant la levée de S. rhombifolia était équivalente pour des profondeurs de 0,5 à 2 cm, avec une baisse à partir de 2 cm. Aucune des deux espèces n'a levéà des profondeurs supérieurs à 5 cm. La lumière n'a pas d'influence sur la germination des 2 espèces. Keimung und Auflaufen der Sidafaserpflanze (Sida rhombifolia L.) und der Stacheligen Samtmalve (Sida spinosa L.) Die stärkste Keimung lag bei der Sidafaserpflanze ( Sida rhombifolia L.) bei 35 °C vor, während Samen der Stacheligen Samtmalve ( Sida spinosa L.) bei 35 oder 40 °C gleich gut keimten. Samen der Sidafaserpflanze keimten bei 20 und 25 °C besser als die der Stacheligen Samtmalve, keimten jedoch nicht bei 40 °C. Nach Lagerung bei 45 °C für 21 Tage waren die Samen beider Arten zu < 20% keimfähig. Bei pH‐Werten zwischen 5 und 8 keimten beide Arten zu >75%. Bei osmotischen Drücken zwischen 0 und —800 kPa keimte die Sidafaserpflanze besser als die Stachelige Samtmalve, deren Keimung ab —200 kPa gehemmt wurde, wahrend bei der Sidafaserpflanze —400 kPa erforderlich waren, die Keimung zu verringern. Samen der Stacheligen Samtmalve keimten am besten in 0,5 cm Tiefe, in gröβerer Ablagetiefe schnell schlechter. Bei der Sidafaserpflanze jedoch waren Aussaattiefen zwischen 0,5 und 2,0 cm gleich gut, erst bei Tiefen unter 2 cm ging der Auflauf zurück. Aus Tiefen unter 5 cm keimte keine der beiden Arten. Durch Licht wurde die Keimung der beiden Sida Arten nicht beeinflußt.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Arrowleaf sida germination was maximal at 35°C.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum arrowleaf sida ( Sida rhombifolia L.) germination occurred at 35°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Prickly sida germinated equally at 35 and 40°C.
Verbatim
e0“prickly sida ( Sida spinosa L.) germinated to the same extent at 35 or 40°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Arrowleaf sida germinated better than prickly sida at 20 and 25°C.
Verbatim
e0“Arrowleaf sida germinated better than prickly sida at 20 and 25°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Arrowleaf sida did not germinate at 40°C.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Arrowleaf sida germinated better than prickly sida at 20 and 25°C, but did not germinate at 40°C”
Claim · model-written summary
arrowleaf sida seed viability was below 50% after 21 days at 45°C.
Verbatim
e0“Less than 50% of seed from both species were viable at 45°C after 21 days of exposure.”
t0“Arrowleaf sida (Sida rhombifolia) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
prickly sida seed viability was below 50% after 21 days at 45°C.
Verbatim
e0“Less than 50% of seed from both species were viable at 45°C after 21 days of exposure.”
t0“Arrowleaf sida (Sida rhombifolia) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
arrowleaf sida germination exceeded 75% at pH 5.0–8.0.
Verbatim
e0“Both species exhibited more than 75% germination at a range of pH from 5.0 to 8.0.”
t0“Arrowleaf sida (Sida rhombifolia) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
prickly sida germination exceeded 75% at pH 5.0–8.0.
Verbatim
e0“Both species exhibited more than 75% germination at a range of pH from 5.0 to 8.0.”
t0“Arrowleaf sida (Sida rhombifolia) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Arrowleaf sida germinated more than prickly sida from 0 to —800 kPa.
Verbatim
e0“Arrowleaf sida germinated to a greater extent than prickly sida from 0 to —800 kPa”
Claim · model-written summary
—200 kPa reduced prickly sida germination.
Verbatim
e0“an osmotic stress of —200 kPa reduced prickly sida germination”
Claim · model-written summary
—400 kPa was needed to reduce arrowleaf sida germination.
Verbatim
e0“—400 kPa was necessary to reduce arrowleaf sida germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Prickly sida emergence was optimal at 0.5 cm and declined at deeper depths.
Verbatim
e0“Prickly sida emergence was optimal at a planting depth of 0.5 cm, and declined rapidly at deeper planting depths.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arrowleaf sida emerged equally at 0.5–2.0 cm.
Verbatim
e0“arrowleaf sida emergence was equivalent at planting depths of 0.5–2.0 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Arrowleaf sida emergence declined below 2.0 cm.
Verbatim
e0“with declining emergence below 2.0 cm”
t0“Arrowleaf sida”
Claim · model-written summary
Arrowleaf sida did not emerge beyond 5.0 cm.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Neither species emerged from depths exceeding 5.0 cm.”
t0“Arrowleaf sida (Sida rhombifolia) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
prickly sida did not emerge beyond 5.0 cm.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Neither species emerged from depths exceeding 5.0 cm.”
t0“Arrowleaf sida (Sida rhombifolia) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Light did not influence arrowleaf sida germination.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Light did not influence the germination of arrowleaf sida or prickly sida.”
Claim · model-written summary
Light did not influence prickly sida germination.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Light did not influence the germination of arrowleaf sida or prickly sida.”