Abstract
ABSTRACT A series of experiments were conducted to test the effect of the presence of Fusarium verticillioides in the maize plant on subsequent infestation by coleopteran and lepidopteran pests. The effect of percent internodes 1 to 5 infected with F. verticillioides, time after planting, and maize variety on attacks of stem and ears by lepidopterous and coleopteran pests was assessed in field experiments in early and late season 1998 and early season 1999 in Benin Republic. Artificial inoculation of the first internode with fungal-treated toothpicks was compared with a hot-water-fungicide seed treatment and a control. In 1998, two varieties that differed in husk tightness, the improved DMRLSR-W and the local Gbogbe, were used. Percentage of node 1 to 5 and plants infected was highest with the inoculation treatment but tended to be similar in the seed treatment and the control. The infection rate tended to increase with time and, within sampling date, decreased with node level. Ear infection was strongly correlated with percent infected nodes, indicating that F. verticillioides in the stem predisposed kernel infection. F. verticillioides incidence was higher in Gbogbe than in DMRLSR-W. Stem and ear infestations by the pyralid Eldana saccharina, the major pest in the area, tended to be highest in inoculation and lowest in the protection treatment. The same trends were found for the pyralid Chilo spp., the tortricid Cryptophlebia leucotreta, and beetles pooled across species. Significant positive correlations were found between ear/stem F. verticillioides infection and E. saccharina, Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Mussidia nigrivenella, and the noctuid Sesamia calamistis, but the latter three pest species were only significantly correlated with fungal infection of the upper nodes of the plant. Similar to disease incidence, E. saccharina numbers in stem and ear were higher in Gbogbe than DMRLSR-W in late 1998, whereas for the pyralid ear feeder M. nigrivenella, it was reversed. It was suggested that some lepidopterous and coleopteran pests are attracted by and survive longer (or have lower mortality) on plants infected with F. verticillioides.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal toothpick inoculation produced the highest infection incidence at nodes 1 to 5 and in plants.
- Treatment
- inoculation treatmente0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioides
Fusarium verticillioidest0pathogen - Outcome
- plants infectede0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- seed treatment and the controle0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage of node 1 to 5 and plants infected was highest with the inoculation treatment but tended to be similar in the seed treatment and the control”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides on Infestation of Two Maize Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal infection increased over time and decreased at higher node levels.
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- infection ratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The infection rate tended to increase with time and, within sampling date, decreased with node level”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides on Infestation of Two Maize Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear infection correlated strongly with infected nodes.
- Organ / stage
- nodese0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- Ear infectione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ear infection was strongly correlated with percent infected nodes”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides on Infestation of Two Maize Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium incidence was higher in Gbogbe than DMRLSR-W.
- Material
- Gbogbee0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. verticillioides incidencee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- DMRLSR-We0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. verticillioides incidence was higher in Gbogbe than in DMRLSR-W”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides on Infestation of Two Maize Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Eldana saccharina stem and ear infestations tended highest under fungal inoculation and lowest under protection.
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Eldana saccharina
Eldana saccharinae0pest - Second interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- Stem and ear infestations by the pyralid Eldana saccharinae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- protection treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem and ear infestations by the pyralid Eldana saccharina, the major pest in the area, tended to be highest in inoculation and lowest in the protection treatment”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides on Infestation of Two Maize Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilo spp. infestation followed the same treatment trend.
- Outcome
- Chilo spp.e0
ChiloNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same trends were found for the pyralid Chilo spp., the tortricid Cryptophlebia leucotreta, and beetles pooled across species”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides on Infestation of Two Maize Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Cryptophlebia leucotreta infestation followed the same treatment trend.
- Interactor
- Cryptophlebia leucotreta
Thaumatotibia leucotretae0pest - Outcome
- Cryptophlebia leucotretae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same trends were found for the pyralid Chilo spp., the tortricid Cryptophlebia leucotreta, and beetles pooled across species”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides on Infestation of Two Maize Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Pooled beetle infestations followed the same treatment trend.
- Interactor
- beetlesColeopterae0pest
- Outcome
- beetles pooled across speciese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and beetles pooled across species”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides on Infestation of Two Maize Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Eldana saccharina infestation was significantly positively correlated with fungal infection.
- Interactor
- E. saccharinaEldana saccharinae0pest
- Second interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- E. saccharinae0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant positive correlations were found between ear/stem F. verticillioides infection and E. saccharina”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides on Infestation of Two Maize Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Cryptophlebia leucotreta infestation was significantly positively correlated with upper-node fungal infection.
- Interactor
- Cryptophlebia leucotretaThaumatotibia leucotretae0pest
- Second interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- Cryptophlebia leucotretae0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- upper nodese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant positive correlations were found between ear/stem F. verticillioides infection and E. saccharina, Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Mussidia nigrivenella, and the noctuid Sesamia calamistis, but the latter three pest species were only significantly correlated with fungal infection of the upper nodes of the plant”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides on Infestation of Two Maize Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Mussidia nigrivenella infestation was significantly positively correlated with upper-node fungal infection.
- Interactor
- Mussidia nigrivenellaMussidia nigrivenellae0pest
- Second interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- Mussidia nigrivenellae0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- upper nodese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant positive correlations were found between ear/stem F. verticillioides infection and E. saccharina, Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Mussidia nigrivenella, and the noctuid Sesamia calamistis, but the latter three pest species were only significantly correlated with fungal infection of the upper nodes of the plant”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides on Infestation of Two Maize Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesamia calamistis infestation was significantly positively correlated with upper-node fungal infection.
- Interactor
- Sesamia calamistisSesamia calamistise0pest
- Second interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- Sesamia calamistise0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- upper nodese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant positive correlations were found between ear/stem F. verticillioides infection and E. saccharina, Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Mussidia nigrivenella, and the noctuid Sesamia calamistis, but the latter three pest species were only significantly correlated with fungal infection of the upper nodes of the plant”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides on Infestation of Two Maize Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Eldana saccharina numbers in stem and ear were higher in Gbogbe than DMRLSR-W in late 1998.
- Material
- Gbogbee0
- Interactor
- E. saccharinaEldana saccharinae0pest
- Outcome
- E. saccharina numbers in stem and eare0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- late 1998e0
- Comparator
- DMRLSR-We0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. saccharina numbers in stem and ear were higher in Gbogbe than DMRLSR-W in late 1998”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides on Infestation of Two Maize Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Mussidia nigrivenella numbers had the reverse varietal pattern.
- Interactor
- M. nigrivenellaMussidia nigrivenellae0pest
- Outcome
- M. nigrivenellae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas for the pyralid ear feeder M. nigrivenella, it was reversed”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides on Infestation of Two Maize Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested infected plants attract some lepidopterous and coleopteran pests and extend their survival.
- Interactor
- lepidopterous and coleopteran pestse0pest
- Second interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- survive longer (or have lower mortality)e0
- Qualifier
- are attracted bye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some lepidopterous and coleopteran pests are attracted by and survive longer (or have lower mortality) on plants infected with F. verticillioides”
t0“Fusarium verticillioides on Infestation of Two Maize Varieties”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Fusarium verticillioides · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →inoculation · Eldana saccharina · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.