Abstract
Abstract This study confirmed the considerable effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene (FLT; 0.01, 0.1, 1, 4 and 7 mg/l) exposure on the germination of seeds, growth and root morphology of seedlings in Zea mays and Pisum sativum. Seed germination was significantly inhibited at FLT≥0.01 mg/l in maize and at ≥1 mg/l in pea. The amount of released ethylene after 3 days of germination was significantly increased in both species at FLT≥0.1 mg/l. After 7 days of seedling cultivation a significant decrease in the dry weight of roots and shoots occurred in maize at FLT≥0.1 mg/l while in pea similar effect was observed at ≥1 mg/l. The total length of primary and lateral roots was significantly reduced by FLT≥1 mg/l in maize and by 4 and 7 mg/l in pea. The length of the non-branched part of the primary root was significantly reduced by FLT≥0.1 mg/l in maize and ≥0.01 mg/l in pea. In both species the number of lateral roots was significantly increased at FLT≤1 mg/l and inhibited at concentrations of 4 and 7 mg/l. Fluoranthene content in roots and shoots of both species positively correlated with the FLT treatment.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Fluoranthene significantly inhibited maize seed germination at at least 0.01 mg/l.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination was significantly inhibited at FLT≥0.01 mg/l in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluoranthene significantly inhibited pea seed germination at at least 1 mg/l.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- FLT≥0.01 mg/le0
- Outcome
- Seed germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- ≥1 mg/le0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination was significantly inhibited at FLT≥0.01 mg/l in maize and at ≥1 mg/l in pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluoranthene increased ethylene release in both species after three days at at least 0.1 mg/l.
- Treatment
- FLT≥0.1 mg/le0
- Outcome
- amount of released ethylenee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after 3 days of germinatione0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The amount of released ethylene after 3 days of germination was significantly increased in both species at FLT≥0.1 mg/l”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluoranthene decreased maize root and shoot dry weight after seven days at at least 0.1 mg/l.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 7 days of seedling cultivation a significant decrease in the dry weight of roots and shoots occurred in maize at FLT≥0.1 mg/l”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluoranthene decreased pea root and shoot dry weight after seven days at at least 1 mg/l.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- FLT≥0.1 mg/le0
- Outcome
- dry weight of roots and shootse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- ≥1 mg/le0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 7 days of seedling cultivation a significant decrease in the dry weight of roots and shoots occurred in maize at FLT≥0.1 mg/l while in pea similar effect was observed at ≥1 mg/l”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluoranthene reduced total primary and lateral root length in maize at at least 1 mg/l.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total length of primary and lateral roots was significantly reduced by FLT≥1 mg/l in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluoranthene reduced total primary and lateral root length in pea at 4 and 7 mg/l.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- 4 and 7 mg/le0
- Outcome
- total length of primary and lateral rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total length of primary and lateral roots was significantly reduced by FLT≥1 mg/l in maize and by 4 and 7 mg/l in pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluoranthene shortened the non-branched primary root in maize at at least 0.1 mg/l.
- Treatment
- FLT≥0.1 mg/le0
- Outcome
- length of the non-branched part of the primary roote0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The length of the non-branched part of the primary root was significantly reduced by FLT≥0.1 mg/l in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluoranthene shortened the non-branched primary root in pea at at least 0.01 mg/l.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- FLT≥0.1 mg/le0
- Outcome
- length of the non-branched part of the primary roote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- ≥0.01 mg/le0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The length of the non-branched part of the primary root was significantly reduced by FLT≥0.1 mg/l in maize and ≥0.01 mg/l in pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Low fluoranthene concentrations increased lateral root numbers in both species.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“In both species the number of lateral roots was significantly increased at FLT≤1 mg/l”
Claim · model-written summary
High fluoranthene concentrations inhibited lateral root numbers in both species.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“In both species the number of lateral roots was significantly increased at FLT≤1 mg/l and inhibited at concentrations of 4 and 7 mg/l”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluoranthene in roots and shoots was positively correlated with treatment in both species.
- Treatment
- FLT treatmente0
- Outcome
- Fluoranthene content in roots and shootse0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Fluoranthene content in roots and shoots of both species positively correlated with the FLT treatment”