Abstract
The upper temperature limit for nodulation and N 2 fixation by common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is not well defined. Controlled‐environment experiments were conducted to address this issue and to determine the relative importance of shoot and root temperatures. Bean cultivars Redkloud and Jutiapa were grown in sand culture and exposed to day temperatures (13 h d −1 ) of 26, 32, and 38 °C from sowing or 26, 32, 34, 36, and 38 °C for 5 to 10 days during vegetative growth. In other experiments, day shoot‐root temperatures of 26‐26, 26‐38, 38‐26, and 38‐38 °C were compared. Night temperature was 22 °C in all instances. Transferring plants from a 26 °C to a 38 °C environment resulted in elimination of acetylene reduction activity (ARA) (controls reached over 12 nmol plant −1 s −1 ), severe N deficiency (55 ± 3 mg shoot‐N plant −1 after 10 d compared with 177 ± 7 mg in controls), and virtual cessation of leaf expansion. Ten days at 32 °C decreased ( P ≤ 0.05) shoot‐N content relative to controls. Nodulation was inhibited at 38 °C when treatment was started immediately after inoculation of established plants or seeds but not when it was applied after nodules were initiated. At root temperature of 38 °C, N 2 fixation was inhibited regardless of shoot temperature. Conversely, at root temperature of 26 °C, nodulation and shoot‐N accumulation were unaffected even when shoot temperature was 38 °C. It appears that only high soil temperature would constrain N2 fixation by bean; the critical temperature was 32 °C for nodule function and 38 °C for nodulation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Transfer from 26 °C to 38 °C eliminated acetylene reduction activity.
- Taxon
- Common Bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- 38 °C environmente0
- Outcome
- acetylene reduction activitye0
- Direction
- eliminatione0
- Qualifier
- over 12 nmol plant −1 s −1e0
- Comparator
- 26 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transferring plants from a 26 °C to a 38 °C environment resulted in elimination of acetylene reduction activity (ARA) (controls reached over 12 nmol plant −1 s −1 )”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Transfer to 38 °C caused severe nitrogen deficiency: 55 ± 3 mg shoot N versus 177 ± 7 mg in controls after 10 days.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- N deficiencye0
- Direction
- severee0
- Value
- 55 ± 3 mg shoot‐N plant −1e0
- Qualifier
- 177 ± 7 mge0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“severe N deficiency (55 ± 3 mg shoot‐N plant −1 after 10 d compared with 177 ± 7 mg in controls)”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Transfer to 38 °C virtually stopped leaf expansion.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 38 °C environmente0
- Outcome
- leaf expansione0
- Direction
- virtual cessatione0
- Comparator
- 26 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transferring plants from a 26 °C to a 38 °C environment resulted in elimination of acetylene reduction activity (ARA) (controls reached over 12 nmol plant −1 s −1 ), severe N deficiency (55 ± 3 mg shoot‐N plant −1 after 10 d compared with 177 ± 7 mg in controls), and virtual cessation of leaf expansion”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten days at 32 °C significantly decreased shoot nitrogen content relative to controls.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 32 °Ce0
- Outcome
- shoot‐N contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ten days at 32 °C decreased ( P ≤ 0.05) shoot‐N content relative to controls”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
At 38 °C, nodulation was inhibited when heat began immediately after inoculation of established plants or seeds.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 38 °Ce0
- Outcome
- Nodulatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- immediately after inoculation of established plants or seedse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nodulation was inhibited at 38 °C when treatment was started immediately after inoculation of established plants or seeds”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
At 38 °C, nodulation was not inhibited when heat was applied after nodules began.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 38 °Ce0
- Outcome
- Nodulatione0
- Direction
- note0
- Qualifier
- after nodules were initiatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nodulation was inhibited at 38 °C when treatment was started immediately after inoculation of established plants or seeds but not when it was applied after nodules were initiated”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Root temperature of 38 °C inhibited nitrogen fixation regardless of shoot temperature.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- root temperature of 38 °Ce0
- Outcome
- N 2 fixatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At root temperature of 38 °C, N 2 fixation was inhibited regardless of shoot temperature”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
At root temperature of 26 °C, shoot temperature of 38 °C did not affect nodulation.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- shoot temperature was 38 °Ce0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
- Qualifier
- root temperature of 26 °Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at root temperature of 26 °C, nodulation and shoot‐N accumulation were unaffected even when shoot temperature was 38 °C”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
At root temperature of 26 °C, shoot temperature of 38 °C did not affect shoot nitrogen accumulation.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- shoot temperature was 38 °Ce0
- Outcome
- shoot‐N accumulatione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
- Qualifier
- root temperature of 26 °Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at root temperature of 26 °C, nodulation and shoot‐N accumulation were unaffected even when shoot temperature was 38 °C”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified 32 °C as the critical temperature for nodule function.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- nodule functione0
- Value
- 32 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the critical temperature was 32 °C for nodule function and 38 °C for nodulation”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified 38 °C as the critical temperature for nodulation.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Value
- 38 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the critical temperature was 32 °C for nodule function and 38 °C for nodulation”
t0“Common Bean”
The same questions in other papers
climate site · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.