Abstract
A study during 1907 and 1908 of various plots of wheat cut at three-day intervals leads to the following general conclusions: (1) The whole plant, and with it the nitrogen, ash, and phosphoric acid it contains, increases in weight until about a week before it would be regarded as ready to cut. Some decrease of dry weight takes place during the last week. (2) In the formation of the grain three stages may be distinguished: (a) a period during which the pericarp is the most prominent feature, (b) the main period during which the endosperm is filled, (c) the ripening period characterised by the desiccation of the grain. (3) For the filling of the endosperm each plant possesses as it were a special mould, and continually moves into the grain uniform material cast in that mould, possessing always the same ratio of nitrogenous to non-nitrogenous materials and ash. The character of the mould possessed by each plant is determined by variety, soil, season, &c. (4) The main feature of the ripening process is desiccation rather than the setting in of such chemical changes as the conversion of sugars into starch, non-protein into protein, though the latter change also takes place. (5) The maximum dry weight of grain is attained a day or two before the grain would be regarded as ripe by the farmer. Allowing for the fact that the tillered shoots are a little behind the central shoots, no loss of weight in the crop will be incurred by cutting before the corn appears quite ripe, while a number of accidental mechanical losses due to birds, shedding, weather, may thus be avoided. Other experiments have shown that, though there may be no gain, there will be no loss in the quality of the wheat due to such early cutting.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The whole wheat plant increased in weight until about a week before it would be regarded as ready to cut.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- weighte1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Qualifier
- until about a week before it would be regarded as ready to cute1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Development of the Grain of Wheat”
e1“The whole plant, and with it the nitrogen, ash, and phosphoric acid it contains, increases in weight until about a week before it would be regarded as ready to cut”
Claim · model-written summary
The nitrogen, ash and phosphoric acid of the whole wheat plant increased until about a week before ready-to-cut.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- nitrogen, ash, and phosphoric acide1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Qualifier
- until about a week before it would be regarded as ready to cute1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Development of the Grain of Wheat”
e1“The whole plant, and with it the nitrogen, ash, and phosphoric acid it contains, increases in weight until about a week before it would be regarded as ready to cut”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry weight of wheat decreased during the last week before cutting.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- dry weighte2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Qualifier
- during the last weeke2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Development of the Grain of Wheat”
e2“Some decrease of dry weight takes place during the last week”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain formation in wheat passes through three stages.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- three stagese3
- Qualifier
- (a) a period during which the pericarp is the most prominent feature, (b) the main period during which the endosperm is filled, (c) the ripening period characterised by the desiccation of the graine3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Development of the Grain of Wheat”
e3“In the formation of the grain three stages may be distinguished: (a) a period during which the pericarp is the most prominent feature, (b) the main period during which the endosperm is filled, (c) the ripening period characterised by the desiccation of the grain”
Claim · model-written summary
The ratio of nitrogenous to non-nitrogenous materials and ash moved into the endosperm was always the same.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- endosperme4
- Outcome
- ratio of nitrogenous to non-nitrogenous materials and ashe4
- Direction
- always the samee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Development of the Grain of Wheat”
e4“For the filling of the endosperm each plant possesses as it were a special mould, and continually moves into the grain uniform material cast in that mould, possessing always the same ratio of nitrogenous to non-nitrogenous materials and ash”
Claim · model-written summary
The character of the endosperm mould of each wheat plant is determined by variety, soil and season.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- The character of the moulde5
- Qualifier
- determined by variety, soil, seasone5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Development of the Grain of Wheat”
e5“The character of the mould possessed by each plant is determined by variety, soil, season, &c”
Claim · model-written summary
The main feature of wheat ripening is desiccation rather than chemical changes.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- main feature of the ripening processe6
- Qualifier
- desiccation rather than the setting in of such chemical changese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Development of the Grain of Wheat”
e6“The main feature of the ripening process is desiccation rather than the setting in of such chemical changes as the conversion of sugars into starch, non-protein into protein, though the latter change also takes place”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum dry weight of wheat grain is attained a day or two before the grain would be regarded as ripe.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- maximum dry weight of graine7
- Qualifier
- a day or two before the grain would be regarded as ripee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Development of the Grain of Wheat”
e7“The maximum dry weight of grain is attained a day or two before the grain would be regarded as ripe by the farmer”
Claim · model-written summary
Cutting wheat before the corn appears quite ripe incurs no loss of crop weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cutting before the corn appears quite ripee6
- Outcome
- loss of weight in the crope6
- Direction
- no losse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Development of the Grain of Wheat”
e6“no loss of weight in the crop will be incurred by cutting before the corn appears quite ripe”
Claim · model-written summary
Early cutting before full ripeness may avoid accidental mechanical losses of wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cutting before the corn appears quite ripee6
- Outcome
- accidental mechanical lossese7
- Direction
- may thus be avoidede7
- Qualifier
- due to birds, shedding, weathere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Development of the Grain of Wheat”
e6“no loss of weight in the crop will be incurred by cutting before the corn appears quite ripe”
e7“a number of accidental mechanical losses due to birds, shedding, weather, may thus be avoided”