Abstract
Large areas of China have soils low in both available selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn).In order to investigate whether Se supplied as either selenate or selenite can increase germination and growth compared with low-Se controls we used broccoli, an important vegetable with anticancer effects, especially when biofortified with Se.Broccoli was grown under both Zn adequacy and Zn deficiency to determine whether interactions between these minerals affect plant growth.Selenite and selenate at a wide range of doses increased the speed and extent of germination.Both inorganic Se forms increased early root and shoot growth at low concentrations, with selenite having a stronger effect than selenate.A sand culture trial showed a similar growth increase due to lowdose Se under Zn deficiency but not under Zn adequacy.Conversely, at high Se levels, the results provided evidence from biomass, water use, photosynthesis and gas exchange that broccoli growth was inhibited at high Se levels, with selenite being more toxic than selenate.In this broccoli trial, the two Se forms were equally effective in increasing leaf Se concentration, whereas in most plants selenite is largely converted to organic Se forms and stored in the roots.This study suggests that Se, supplied either as selenate or selenite, may improve germination and growth in broccoli, especially on Zn-deficient soils.Field trials conducted on soils which are very low in both plant-available Se and Zn are needed.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Selenite across a wide dose range increased broccoli germination speed and extent.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae1 - Treatment
- Selenitee0
- Outcome
- speed and extent of germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selenite and selenate at a wide range of doses increased the speed and extent of germination.”
e1“we used broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenate across a wide dose range increased broccoli germination speed and extent.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- selenatee0
- Outcome
- speed and extent of germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selenite and selenate at a wide range of doses increased the speed and extent of germination.”
e1“we used broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-concentration selenite increased early broccoli root and shoot growth.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- selenitee0
- Outcome
- early root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at low concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both inorganic Se forms increased early root and shoot growth at low concentrations, with selenite having a stronger effect than selenate.”
e1“we used broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-concentration selenate increased early broccoli root and shoot growth.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- selenatee0
- Outcome
- early root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at low concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both inorganic Se forms increased early root and shoot growth at low concentrations, with selenite having a stronger effect than selenate.”
e1“we used broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenite had a stronger early root and shoot growth effect than selenate.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- selenitee0
- Outcome
- early root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- stronger effecte0
- Comparator
- selenatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both inorganic Se forms increased early root and shoot growth at low concentrations, with selenite having a stronger effect than selenate.”
e1“we used broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-dose selenium increased broccoli growth under zinc deficiency in sand culture.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- lowdose See0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- under Zn deficiencye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A sand culture trial showed a similar growth increase due to lowdose Se under Zn deficiency but not under Zn adequacy.”
e1“we used broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-dose selenium did not increase broccoli growth under zinc adequacy in sand culture.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- lowdose See0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Qualifier
- not under Zn adequacye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A sand culture trial showed a similar growth increase due to lowdose Se under Zn deficiency but not under Zn adequacy.”
e1“we used broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
High selenium inhibited broccoli biomass and water use.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- high Se levelse0
- Outcome
- biomass, water usee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at high Se levels, the results provided evidence from biomass, water use, photosynthesis and gas exchange that broccoli growth was inhibited at high Se levels”
Claim · model-written summary
High selenium inhibited broccoli photosynthesis and gas exchange.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- high Se levelse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis and gas exchangee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at high Se levels, the results provided evidence from biomass, water use, photosynthesis and gas exchange that broccoli growth was inhibited at high Se levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenite was more toxic to broccoli than selenate at high selenium levels.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- selenitee0
- Outcome
- broccoli growthe0
- Direction
- more toxice0
- Qualifier
- at high Se levelse0
- Comparator
- selenatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“broccoli growth was inhibited at high Se levels, with selenite being more toxic than selenate”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenite increased broccoli leaf selenium concentration as effectively as selenate.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- Se formse0
- Outcome
- leaf Se concentratione0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the two Se forms were equally effective in increasing leaf Se concentration”
e1“In this broccoli trial”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested selenate or selenite might improve broccoli germination and growth, especially on zinc-deficient soils.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- Se, supplied either as selenate or selenitee0
- Outcome
- germination and growthe0
- Qualifier
- especially on Zn-deficient soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se, supplied either as selenate or selenite, may improve germination and growth in broccoli, especially on Zn-deficient soils”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors called for field trials on soils low in available selenium and zinc.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- Field trialse0
- Qualifier
- soils which are very low in both plant-available Se and Zne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials conducted on soils which are very low in both plant-available Se and Zn are needed.”
t0“broccoli”
The same questions in other papers
selenate · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
selenium atom · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
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See all 7 papers →selenium atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
selenium atom · nutrient: content · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.