Abstract
Sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. glycines, is a disease of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in several central and southern states of the United States. In Ontario, Canada, individual soybean plants with typical foliar symptoms of SDS (1) have been observed annually in Kent County since 1993 but the causal organism was not isolated or identified. In 1996, plants with symptoms of SDS were observed in six fields located in Essex, Kent, and Lambton counties. Interveinal chlorosis and necrosis occurred on top leaves of affected plants and a pale brown discoloration occurred in the vascular system in lower stems and upper tap roots. Slow-growing isolates of F. solani f. sp. glycines with typical blue sporodochia were isolated from symptomatic plants on acidified potato dextrose agar (1). Root inoculation of 15 2-week-old seedlings with colonized oat kernals with each of five single-spore isolates caused typical SDS symptoms on 5-week-old soybean plants of cvs. Conrad, A2540, S19-90, and Ripley in the greenhouse. The severity and incidence of symptoms varied with cultivar and isolate. Of 125 plants inoculated, 6% of Conrad, 10% of A2540, 14% of S19-90, and 17% of Ripley plants developed foliar symptoms. Symptoms did not develop on noninoculated controls. F. solani f. sp. glycines was reisolated from roots of symptomatic plants. Although Ripley is known to have resistance to SDS (2), foliar and root symptoms developed following inoculation with each Ontario isolate of F. solani f. sp. glycines. Yield losses in 1996 were difficult to assess because of the scattered distribution of diseased plants in most fields. Diseased plants had few and poorly filled pods. In two fields, soybean growth was severely restricted in large areas covering 2 ha each; however, soybean cyst nematode (SCN) was present in both fields. SCN was present at all locations. Although total yield losses are currently low, it is evident that F. solani f. sp. glycines causing SDS has become widely distributed in southwest Ontario and disease severity is increasing. References: (1) K. W. Roy et al. Phytopathology 79:191, 1989. (2) P. A. Stevens et al. Crop Sci. 33:929, 1993.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean plants with sudden death syndrome symptoms were observed in six Ontario fields in 1996.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Outcome
- plants with symptoms of SDSe0
- Value
- six fieldse0
- Setting
- Essex, Kent, and Lambton countiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1996, plants with symptoms of SDS were observed in six fields located in Essex, Kent, and Lambton counties.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Affected plants showed interveinal chlorosis, necrosis and vascular discoloration.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- top leavese0
- Outcome
- Interveinal chlorosis and necrosise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interveinal chlorosis and necrosis occurred on top leaves of affected plants and a pale brown discoloration occurred in the vascular system in lower stems and upper tap roots.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
F. solani f. sp. glycines was isolated from symptomatic soybean plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- F. solani f. sp. glycinesFusarium phaseolie0pathogen
- Outcome
- isolated from symptomatic plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Slow-growing isolates of F. solani f. sp. glycines with typical blue sporodochia were isolated from symptomatic plants on acidified potato dextrose agar (1).”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Root inoculation with each of five isolates caused typical SDS symptoms in four soybean cultivars relative to uninoculated plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Root inoculatione0
- Interactor
- single-spore isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- typical SDS symptomse0
- Comparator
- noninoculated controlse1
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root inoculation of 15 2-week-old seedlings with colonized oat kernals with each of five single-spore isolates caused typical SDS symptoms on 5-week-old soybean plants of cvs. Conrad, A2540, S19-90, and Ripley in the greenhouse.”
e1“Symptoms did not develop on noninoculated controls.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar symptom incidence differed among the four soybean cultivars: Conrad 6%, A2540 10%, S19-90 14% and Ripley 17%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Conrade0
- Outcome
- developed foliar symptomse0
- Value
- 6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of 125 plants inoculated, 6% of Conrad, 10% of A2540, 14% of S19-90, and 17% of Ripley plants developed foliar symptoms.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
F. solani f. sp. glycines was reisolated from symptomatic roots.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- F. solani f. sp. glycinesFusarium phaseolie0pathogen
- Outcome
- reisolated from roots of symptomatic plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. solani f. sp. glycines was reisolated from roots of symptomatic plants.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ripley developed foliar and root symptoms after inoculation with each Ontario isolate.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Ripleye2
- Treatment
- inoculation with each Ontario isolate of F. solani f. sp. glycinese0
- Interactor
- F. solani f. sp. glycinesFusarium phaseolie0pathogen
- Outcome
- foliar and root symptomse0
- Comparator
- noninoculated controlse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar and root symptoms developed following inoculation with each Ontario isolate of F. solani f. sp. glycines.”
e1“Symptoms did not develop on noninoculated controls.”
e2“Root inoculation of 15 2-week-old seedlings with colonized oat kernals with each of five single-spore isolates caused typical SDS symptoms on 5-week-old soybean plants of cvs. Conrad, A2540, S19-90, and Ripley in the greenhouse.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Diseased soybean plants had few, poorly filled pods.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- few and poorly filled podse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diseased plants had few and poorly filled pods.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean growth was severely restricted over two hectares in each of two fields where soybean cyst nematode was present.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- soybean cyst nematode (SCN)
Heterodera glycinese0pathogen - Outcome
- soybean growthe0
- Direction
- severely restrictede0
- Value
- 2 hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In two fields, soybean growth was severely restricted in large areas covering 2 ha each; however, soybean cyst nematode (SCN) was present in both fields.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that the SDS pathogen was widely distributed in southwest Ontario and disease severity was increasing.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- F. solani f. sp. glycinesFusarium phaseolie0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Setting
- southwest Ontarioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is evident that F. solani f. sp. glycines causing SDS has become widely distributed in southwest Ontario and disease severity is increasing.”
t0“Soybean”
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