Abstract
Alternate Wet and Dry Irrigation (AWDI) is a water management system where rice fields are not kept continuously submerged but are allowed to dry intermittently during the rice growing stage. A field experiment was conducted in Chiba, Japan during the rice growing season (May-September) of 2008 to assess AWDI and continuous submerged water management practices for their effects on productivity, the surrounding environment, water savings, and Water Productivity Index (WPI). The impact of age of seedlings and plant spacing were also assessed. AWDI using the proposed irrigation schedule of 10 wet days alternated with 10 dry days used less water (29% less water) without significant reduction in grain yield (7.2 t/h) compared with conventional irrigation (7.8 t/h). Water Productivity Index was significantly higher in all sub-plots in AWDI treatments. WPI was 1.7 kg/m3 in AWDI treatments compared to 1.3 kg/m3 in conventional water management. Additional significant results from AWDI treatment included reduced pest and disease incidence, shortened crop cycle, and reduced lodging. However, slightly higher grain yields were observed in all sub-plots of the conventional irrigation treatment than were observed in the same combinations under AWDI. This underscores the need for further research in defining what constitutes an optimum interval for AWDI considering local soil properties, prevailing climate, and the critical periods during the rice growth cycle when the yield was particularly sensitive to moisture stress.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
AWDI used 29% less water.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- AWDI using the proposed irrigation schedule of 10 wet days alternated with 10 dry dayse0
- Outcome
- watere0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 29%e0
- Comparator
- conventional irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AWDI using the proposed irrigation schedule of 10 wet days alternated with 10 dry days used less water (29% less water) without significant reduction in grain yield (7.2 t/h) compared with conventional irrigation (7.8 t/h)”
t0“Rice Farming”
Claim · model-written summary
AWDI grain yield was 7.2 t/h versus 7.8 t/h under conventional irrigation, without significant reduction.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 7.2 t/he0
- Qualifier
- 7.8 t/he0
- Comparator
- conventional irrigatione0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“without significant reduction in grain yield (7.2 t/h) compared with conventional irrigation (7.8 t/h)”
t0“Rice Farming”
Claim · model-written summary
AWDI significantly raised WPI across subplots, to 1.7 versus 1.3 kg/m3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDI treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Water Productivity Indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.7 kg/m3e0
- Qualifier
- 1.3 kg/m3e0
- Comparator
- conventional water managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water Productivity Index was significantly higher in all sub-plots in AWDI treatments. WPI was 1.7 kg/m3 in AWDI treatments compared to 1.3 kg/m3 in conventional water management.”
t0“Rice Farming”
Claim · model-written summary
AWDI reduced pest and disease incidence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDI treatmente0
- Outcome
- pest and disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additional significant results from AWDI treatment included reduced pest and disease incidence, shortened crop cycle, and reduced lodging.”
t0“Rice Farming”
Claim · model-written summary
AWDI shortened the crop cycle.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDI treatmente0
- Outcome
- crop cyclee0
- Direction
- shortenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additional significant results from AWDI treatment included reduced pest and disease incidence, shortened crop cycle, and reduced lodging.”
t0“Rice Farming”
Claim · model-written summary
AWDI reduced lodging.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDI treatmente0
- Outcome
- lodginge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additional significant results from AWDI treatment included reduced pest and disease incidence, shortened crop cycle, and reduced lodging.”
t0“Rice Farming”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional irrigation yielded slightly more grain across matched subplots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- conventional irrigation treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- AWDIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“slightly higher grain yields were observed in all sub-plots of the conventional irrigation treatment than were observed in the same combinations under AWDI”
t0“Rice Farming”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors call for research on the optimal AWDI interval under local soil, climate and growth-stage conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- further research in defining what constitutes an optimum interval for AWDIe0
- Qualifier
- considering local soil properties, prevailing climate, and the critical periods during the rice growth cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This underscores the need for further research in defining what constitutes an optimum interval for AWDI considering local soil properties, prevailing climate, and the critical periods during the rice growth cycle when the yield was particularly sensitive to moisture stress.”
t0“Rice Farming”
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