Abstract
Stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein-desaturase-mediated conversion of stearic acid (18:0) to oleic acid (18:1) is a key step, which regulates levels of unsaturated fatty acids in cells. We previously showed that stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein-desaturase mutants ssi2/fab2 carrying a loss-of-function mutation in the plastidial glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) acyltransferase (act1) have elevated 18:1 levels and are restored in their altered defense signaling. Because G3P is required for the acylation of 18:1 by G3P acyltransferase, it was predicted that reduction of G3P levels should increase 18:1 levels and thereby revert ssi2-triggered phenotypes. Here we show that a mutation in G3P dehydrogenase restores both salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated phenotypes of ssi2 plants. The G3P dehydrogenase gene was identified by map-based cloning of the ssi2 suppressor mutant rdc8 (gly1-3) and confirmed by epistatic analysis of ssi2 with gly1-1. Restoration of ssi2-triggered phenotypes by the gly1-3 mutation was age-dependent and correlated with the levels of 18:1. Regeneration of G3P pools by glycerol application in ssi2 and ssi2 gly1-3 plants caused a marked reduction in the 18:1 levels, which rendered these plants hypersensitive to glycerol. This hypersensitivity in ssi2 was rescued by the act1 mutation. Furthermore, overexpression of the ACT1 gene resulted in enhanced sensitivity to glycerol. Glycerol application also lowered the 18:1 content in SSI2 plants and converted these into ssi2-mimics. Our results show that 18:1 levels in plastids are regulated by means of acylation with G3P, and a balance between G3P and 18:1 is critical for the regulation of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated signaling pathways.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
A G3P dehydrogenase mutation restored salicylic acid and jasmonic acid mediated phenotypes in ssi2 plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Material
- ssi2e0
- Treatment
- a mutation in G3P dehydrogenasee0
- Gene
- G3P dehydrogenasee0
- Outcome
- salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated phenotypese0
- Direction
- restorese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here we show that a mutation in G3P dehydrogenase restores both salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated phenotypes of ssi2 plants.”
t0“in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The G3P dehydrogenase gene was identified by cloning rdc8 and confirmed by epistatic analysis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- rdc8 (gly1-3)e0
- Gene
- G3P dehydrogenase genee0
- Outcome
- identified by map-based cloninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The G3P dehydrogenase gene was identified by map-based cloning of the ssi2 suppressor mutant rdc8 (gly1-3) and confirmed by epistatic analysis of ssi2 with gly1-1.”
t0“in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Restoration of ssi2 phenotypes by gly1-3 was age dependent and correlated with 18:1 levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- gly1-3e0
- Compound
- 18:1e0
- Outcome
- Restoration of ssi2-triggered phenotypese0
- Direction
- correlatede0
- Qualifier
- age-dependente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Restoration of ssi2-triggered phenotypes by the gly1-3 mutation was age-dependent and correlated with the levels of 18:1.”
t0“in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycerol application reduced 18:1 levels in ssi2 and ssi2 gly1-3 plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ssi2 and ssi2 gly1-3 plantse0
- Treatment
- glycerol applicatione0
- Outcome
- 18:1 levelse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regeneration of G3P pools by glycerol application in ssi2 and ssi2 gly1-3 plants caused a marked reduction in the 18:1 levels”
t0“in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycerol application rendered ssi2 and ssi2 gly1-3 plants hypersensitive to glycerol.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ssi2 and ssi2 gly1-3 plantse0
- Treatment
- glycerol applicatione0
- Outcome
- hypersensitive to glycerole0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regeneration of G3P pools by glycerol application in ssi2 and ssi2 gly1-3 plants caused a marked reduction in the 18:1 levels, which rendered these plants hypersensitive to glycerol.”
t0“in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The act1 mutation rescued glycerol hypersensitivity in ssi2 plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ssi2e0
- Treatment
- act1 mutatione0
- Gene
- act1e0
- Outcome
- hypersensitivitye0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This hypersensitivity in ssi2 was rescued by the act1 mutation.”
e1“hypersensitive to glycerol”
t0“in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
ACT1 overexpression enhanced sensitivity to glycerol.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- overexpression of the ACT1 genee0
- Gene
- ACT1 genee0
- Outcome
- sensitivity to glycerole0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overexpression of the ACT1 gene resulted in enhanced sensitivity to glycerol.”
t0“in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycerol application lowered 18:1 content in SSI2 plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- SSI2 plantse0
- Treatment
- Glycerol applicatione0
- Outcome
- 18:1 contente0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glycerol application also lowered the 18:1 content in SSI2 plants”
t0“in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycerol application converted SSI2 plants into ssi2 mimics.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- SSI2 plantse0
- Treatment
- Glycerol applicatione0
- Outcome
- ssi2-mimicse0
- Direction
- convertede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glycerol application also lowered the 18:1 content in SSI2 plants and converted these into ssi2-mimics.”
t0“in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that plastid 18:1 levels are regulated by acylation with G3P.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- plastidse0
- Compound
- G3Pe0
- Outcome
- 18:1 levels in plastidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“18:1 levels in plastids are regulated by means of acylation with G3P”
t0“in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the G3P to 18:1 balance is critical for salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Compound
- G3P and 18:1e0
- Outcome
- salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated signaling pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a balance between G3P and 18:1 is critical for the regulation of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated signaling pathways.”
t0“in Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
glycerol · molecular: metabolites · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
loss of function · physiology: hormones · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 52 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
56 papers more in this group
See all 60 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.