Abstract
Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine the toxicity of Cd on the nodulation, N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation, and growth of dry beans. Plants were grown in the greenhouse with hydroponic solutions to which 0–500 µ m Cd/liter had been added. The total N content of shoots, nodule weight, nodule number, and N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation were significantly decreased at 10 µ m Cd/liter. Nodulation was completely inhibited at 500 µ m Cd/liter. Nodulation and the N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation rate were negatively correlated with solution Cd concentration ( r = −0.97). Cadmium uptake and translocation were slow; therefore, Cd levels were highest in the roots, much lower in the nodules, and lowest in the shoot tissue. For example, at 20 µ m Cd/liter, respective tissue Cd levels averaged 431, 80, and 35 µ g Cd/g, on a dry weight basis. Cadmium levels in roots or shoots from comparable Cd treatments were essentially the same whether the plants obtained their N by fixation or from nutrient solution NO 3 . Root Cd concentrations were exponentially correlated with nodule number, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction, with correlation coefficients of −0.99, −0.99, and −0.97, respectively. Shoot Cd concentrations were logarithmically correlated with nodule number, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction, with correlation coefficients of −0.89, −0.91, and −0.84, respectively.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium at 10 µ m Cd/liter significantly decreased total N content of shoots in dry beans.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The total N content of shoots, nodule weight, nodule number, and N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation were significantly decreased at 10 µ m Cd/liter”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium at 10 µ m Cd/liter significantly decreased nodule weight in dry beans.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The total N content of shoots, nodule weight, nodule number, and N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation were significantly decreased at 10 µ m Cd/liter”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium at 10 µ m Cd/liter significantly decreased nodule number in dry beans.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The total N content of shoots, nodule weight, nodule number, and N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation were significantly decreased at 10 µ m Cd/liter”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium at 10 µ m Cd/liter significantly decreased N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation in dry beans.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The total N content of shoots, nodule weight, nodule number, and N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation were significantly decreased at 10 µ m Cd/liter”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium at 500 µ m Cd/liter completely inhibited nodulation.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Nodulation was completely inhibited at 500 µ m Cd/liter”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodulation was negatively correlated with solution Cd concentration (r = −0.97).
Verbatim
e0“Nodulation and the N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation rate were negatively correlated with solution Cd concentration ( r = −0.97)”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation rate was negatively correlated with solution Cd concentration (r = −0.97).
Verbatim
e0“Nodulation and the N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation rate were negatively correlated with solution Cd concentration ( r = −0.97)”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium uptake and translocation in dry beans were slow.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium uptake and translocation were slow”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20 µ m Cd/liter, roots Cd averaged 431.
Verbatim
e0“at 20 µ m Cd/liter, respective tissue Cd levels averaged 431, 80, and 35 µ g Cd/g, on a dry weight basis”
e1“Cd levels were highest in the roots, much lower in the nodules, and lowest in the shoot tissue”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20 µ m Cd/liter, nodules Cd averaged 80.
Verbatim
e0“at 20 µ m Cd/liter, respective tissue Cd levels averaged 431, 80, and 35 µ g Cd/g, on a dry weight basis”
e1“Cd levels were highest in the roots, much lower in the nodules, and lowest in the shoot tissue”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20 µ m Cd/liter, shoot tissue Cd averaged 35 µ g Cd/g.
Verbatim
e0“at 20 µ m Cd/liter, respective tissue Cd levels averaged 431, 80, and 35 µ g Cd/g, on a dry weight basis”
e1“Cd levels were highest in the roots, much lower in the nodules, and lowest in the shoot tissue”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root and shoot Cd levels were essentially the same with fixed nitrogen and nutrient-solution nitrate.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium levels in roots or shoots from comparable Cd treatments were essentially the same whether the plants obtained their N by fixation or from nutrient solution NO 3”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root Cd concentration was exponentially correlated with nodule number (r = −0.99).
Verbatim
e0“Root Cd concentrations were exponentially correlated with nodule number, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction, with correlation coefficients of −0.99, −0.99, and −0.97, respectively”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root Cd concentration was exponentially correlated with nodule weight (r = −0.99).
Verbatim
e0“Root Cd concentrations were exponentially correlated with nodule number, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction, with correlation coefficients of −0.99, −0.99, and −0.97, respectively”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root Cd concentration was exponentially correlated with acetylene reduction (r = −0.97).
Verbatim
e0“Root Cd concentrations were exponentially correlated with nodule number, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction, with correlation coefficients of −0.99, −0.99, and −0.97, respectively”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot Cd concentration was logarithmically correlated with nodule number (r = −0.89).
Verbatim
e0“Shoot Cd concentrations were logarithmically correlated with nodule number, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction, with correlation coefficients of −0.89, −0.91, and −0.84, respectively”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot Cd concentration was logarithmically correlated with nodule weight (r = −0.91).
Verbatim
e0“Shoot Cd concentrations were logarithmically correlated with nodule number, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction, with correlation coefficients of −0.89, −0.91, and −0.84, respectively”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot Cd concentration was logarithmically correlated with acetylene reduction (r = −0.84).
Verbatim
e0“Shoot Cd concentrations were logarithmically correlated with nodule number, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction, with correlation coefficients of −0.89, −0.91, and −0.84, respectively”
t0“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.