Abstract
W allace , R aymond H. (U. Connecticut, Storrs.), and H elen M. H abermann . Genetic history and general comparisons of two albino mutations of Helianthus annuus. Amer. Jour. Bot. 46(3) : 157‐162. Illus. 1959.—The genetic history of the progeny of a single ultrasonically‐treated seedling of Helianthus annuus L. has been summarized for the 6 generations for which quantitative data are available. A yellow mutation was found in the F 2 generation and later in the F 5 , a second, white mutation occurred. Both mutants have been grown to maturity by grafting them onto normal green host plants and they have set viable seeds. Both pigment‐deficient conditions are inherited as single recessive factors. These albino strains form chlorophyll during their seedling stages if they are grown at low light intensities. Chlorophyll is destroyed, however, under bright illumination and, once bleached, the capacity for chlorophyll formation appears to be lost. The yellow mutant contains xanthophyll but no traces of carotene have been found. In the white mutant, neither carotene nor xanthophyll have been detected. Flower color in the yellow mutant is normal while the flowers of the white mutant have no apparent pigmentation. The growth pattern of grafted yellow mutants is normal, save for a stiffer and woodier condition and a greater resistance to wilting. These characteristics have also been observed in grafted white mutants. In addition, there is a pronounced reduction in leaf size in the white mutant.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
A yellow mutation of sunflower arose in the F2 generation.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuust0 - Outcome
- yellow mutatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e1“A yellow mutation was found in the F 2 generation and later in the F 5 , a second, white mutation occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
A white mutation of sunflower arose later, in the F5 generation.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- white mutatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e1“A yellow mutation was found in the F 2 generation and later in the F 5 , a second, white mutation occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
Both pigment-deficient sunflower mutations are inherited as single recessive factors.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- are inherited as single recessive factorse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e2“are inherited as single recessive factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Albino strains of sunflower form chlorophyll during seedling stages when grown at low light intensities.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagese3
- Treatment
- low light intensitiese3
- Outcome
- form chlorophylle3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e3“These albino strains form chlorophyll during their seedling stages if they are grown at low light intensities”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll is destroyed in albino sunflower strains under bright illumination.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- bright illuminatione4
- Outcome
- Chlorophylle4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e4“Chlorophyll is destroyed, however, under bright illumination”
Claim · model-written summary
Once bleached, albino sunflower strains appear to lose the capacity for chlorophyll formation.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- once bleachede5
- Outcome
- capacity for chlorophyll formatione5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e5“once bleached, the capacity for chlorophyll formation appears to be lost”
Claim · model-written summary
The yellow sunflower mutant contains xanthophyll.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- yellow mutante6
- Outcome
- contains xanthophylle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e6“The yellow mutant contains xanthophyll but no traces of carotene have been found”
Claim · model-written summary
No traces of carotene were found in the yellow sunflower mutant.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- yellow mutante6
- Outcome
- no traces of carotenee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e6“The yellow mutant contains xanthophyll but no traces of carotene have been found”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither carotene nor xanthophyll has been detected in the white sunflower mutant.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- white mutante7
- Outcome
- neither carotene nor xanthophyll have been detectede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e7“In the white mutant, neither carotene nor xanthophyll have been detected”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower color of the yellow sunflower mutant is normal.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- yellow mutante1
- Outcome
- Flower colore1
- Qualifier
- normale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e1“Flower color in the yellow mutant is normal”
Claim · model-written summary
The flowers of the white sunflower mutant have no apparent pigmentation.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- white mutante1
- Organ / stage
- flowerse1
- Outcome
- pigmentatione1
- Qualifier
- no apparent pigmentatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e1“the flowers of the white mutant have no apparent pigmentation”
Claim · model-written summary
The growth pattern of grafted yellow sunflower mutants is normal.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- grafted yellow mutantse1
- Outcome
- growth patterne1
- Qualifier
- normale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e1“The growth pattern of grafted yellow mutants is normal, save for a stiffer and woodier condition and a greater resistance to wilting”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafted yellow sunflower mutants have a stiffer and woodier condition.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- grafted yellow mutantse1
- Outcome
- stiffer and woodier conditione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e1“The growth pattern of grafted yellow mutants is normal, save for a stiffer and woodier condition and a greater resistance to wilting”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafted yellow sunflower mutants have a greater resistance to wilting.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- grafted yellow mutantse1
- Outcome
- greater resistance to wiltinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e1“The growth pattern of grafted yellow mutants is normal, save for a stiffer and woodier condition and a greater resistance to wilting”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafted white sunflower mutants show the same stiffer, woodier and wilt-resistant characteristics.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- grafted white mutantse1
- Outcome
- These characteristicse1
- Qualifier
- stiffer and woodier condition and a greater resistance to wiltinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e1“These characteristics have also been observed in grafted white mutants”
e2“The growth pattern of grafted yellow mutants is normal, save for a stiffer and woodier condition and a greater resistance to wilting”
Claim · model-written summary
The white sunflower mutant has a pronounced reduction in leaf size.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- white mutante1
- Outcome
- leaf sizee1
- Qualifier
- pronounced reductione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e1“there is a pronounced reduction in leaf size in the white mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
Both sunflower mutants set viable seeds after grafting onto green host plants.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Both mutantse1
- Outcome
- viable seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS”
e1“Both mutants have been grown to maturity by grafting them onto normal green host plants and they have set viable seeds”