Abstract
PSK-alpha is a disulfated peptide that acts as a growth factor in plants. PSK-alpha is derived from preproproteins which are encoded by five PSK precursor genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh and is perceived by leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases. Arabidopsis has two PSK receptor genes, PSKR1 and PSKR2. Although ligand and receptor are well characterized, the biological functions of PSK signaling are not well understood. Using reporter lines and receptor knockout mutants of Arabidopsis, a role for PSK signaling in biotic interactions and in wounding was analyzed. Treatment of Arabidopsis leaves with the fungal elicitor E-Fol, or the fungal pathogens Alternaria brassicicola and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resulted in induction of PSK2 and PSKR1 as shown by promoter:GUS analysis. Wounding of hypocotyls or leaves induced PSK3:GUS, PSK5:GUS and PSKR1:GUS expression indicating that PSK precursor genes are differentially regulated in response to specific stresses. The receptor knockout lines pskr1-3 and pskr2-1 showed significantly reduced photosynthesis in response to the fungal elicitor E-Fol which indicates that fungal defence is impaired. pskr1-3 plants further showed reduced growth of crown galls after infection with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A role for PSK signaling in Agrobacterium tumefaciens tumor growth was supported by the finding that PSK precursor genes and PSKR1 are expressed in crown galls. Overall, the results indicate that PSK signaling may play a previously undescribed role in pathogen or herbivore interactions and is crucial for Agrobacterium-induced cell proliferation in crown gall formation.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
E-Fol and two fungal pathogens induced PSK2 and PSKR1 expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- fungal elicitor E-Fole0
- Outcome
- PSK2 and PSKR1e0
- Direction
- inductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of Arabidopsis leaves with the fungal elicitor E-Fol, or the fungal pathogens Alternaria brassicicola and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resulted in induction of PSK2 and PSKR1 as shown by promoter:GUS analysis.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding induced PSK3, PSK5, and PSKR1 reporter expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Woundinge0
- Outcome
- PSK3:GUS, PSK5:GUS and PSKR1:GUS expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wounding of hypocotyls or leaves induced PSK3:GUS, PSK5:GUS and PSKR1:GUS expression”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The pskr1-3 and pskr2-1 lines showed significantly reduced photosynthesis after E-Fol treatment.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- fungal elicitor E-Fole0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The receptor knockout lines pskr1-3 and pskr2-1 showed significantly reduced photosynthesis in response to the fungal elicitor E-Fol”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The pskr1-3 line showed reduced crown gall growth after Agrobacterium infection.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- infection with Agrobacterium tumefaciense0
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium tumefaciense0pathogen - Outcome
- growth of crown gallse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pskr1-3 plants further showed reduced growth of crown galls after infection with Agrobacterium tumefaciens.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PSK precursor genes and PSKR1 were expressed in crown galls.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PSK precursor genes and PSKR1e0
- Outcome
- expressed in crown gallse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PSK precursor genes and PSKR1 are expressed in crown galls.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
infection · pest · ArabidopsisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.