Abstract
Poor seed germination and early seedling growth associated with urea-induced soil ammonia volatilization are major constraints in the adoption of dry direct-seeded rice. To directly examine soil ammonia volatilization and its damage to seed germination and early seedling growth of dry direct-seeded rice when urea is applied at seeding, two Petri-dish incubation experiments and a field experiment were conducted. Ammonia volatilization due to urea application significantly reduced seed germination and early seedling growth of dry direct-seedling rice. NBPT significantly reduced ammonia volatilization following urea application. The application of ammonium sulfate, instead of urea at seeding, may mitigate poor crop establishment of dry direct-seeded rice. Root growth of dry direct-seeded rice was more seriously inhibited by soil ammonia volatilization than that of shoot. Results suggest that roots are more sensitive to soil ammonia toxicity than shoots in dry direct-seeded rice system when N is applied as urea at seeding.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Urea-associated ammonia volatilization significantly reduced rice seed germination and early seedling growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- urea applicatione0
- Outcome
- seed germination and early seedling growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonia volatilization due to urea application significantly reduced seed germination and early seedling growth of dry direct-seedling rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
NBPT significantly reduced ammonia volatilization after urea application.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NBPTe0
- Outcome
- ammonia volatilizatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NBPT significantly reduced ammonia volatilization following urea application.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest ammonium sulfate at seeding may mitigate poor rice establishment relative to urea.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ammonium sulfatee0
- Outcome
- mitigate poor crop establishmente0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of ammonium sulfate, instead of urea at seeding, may mitigate poor crop establishment of dry direct-seeded rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil ammonia volatilization inhibited rice root growth more seriously than shoot growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- Root growthe0
- Direction
- more seriously inhibitede0
- Comparator
- shoote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root growth of dry direct-seeded rice was more seriously inhibited by soil ammonia volatilization than that of shoot.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that rice roots are more sensitive to soil ammonia toxicity than shoots when urea is applied at seeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- sensitive to soil ammonia toxicitye0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
- Comparator
- shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots are more sensitive to soil ammonia toxicity than shoots in dry direct-seeded rice system when N is applied as urea at seeding.”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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See all 511 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.