Abstract
A 3‐yr field study was conducted to determine the influence of N level (98 and 196 kg ha −1 yr −1 ), mowing height (3.2,5.5, and 8.8 cm), and three herbicides on weed encroachment and overall quality of tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Rebel II. The major objective of this study was to identify cultural methods of excluding weed development in tall fescue. Dithiopyr [3,5‐pyridinedicarbothioic acid, 2‐(difluoromethyl)‐4‐(2‐metbylpropyl)‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐S,S‐dimethylester] and pendimethalin [N‐(l‐ethylpropyl)‐3, 4‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dinitrobenzenamine] were applied preemergence for smooth crabgrass [ Digitaria ischaemum (Schreber) Schreber ex Muhlenb.] control, and fenoxaprop [(±)‐2‐[4‐[(6‐chloro‐2‐benzoxazolyl)oxy]‐ phenoxylpropanoic acid] was applied postemergence for crabgrass control. Rates of dithiopyr and pendimethalin were reduced or eliminated on selected plots in the last 2 yr of the study to determine if reduced herbicide inputs would continue to provide effective crabgrass control. Tall fescue mowed at 8.8 cm resisted smooth crabgrass invasion, exhibited best visual summer turf quality in 1990 and 1991, had poorest winter turf quality, and had highest white clover ( Trifotium repens L.) populations. Other environmental factors and lower mowing height (3.2 or 5.5 cm) reduced summer turf quality in 1990 and 1991. High N improved fall and winter turf quality, but not summer quality. Nonherbicide‐treated plots receiving high N had less smooth crabgrass than low N plots, but high N provided no additional crabgrass reduction in herbicide‐treated plots. High mowing (8.8 cm) was the best cultural management strategy for reducing smooth crabgrass encroachment and maintaining tall fescue cover. Results indicated that smooth crabgrass control with label use rates of herbicides was warranted when mowing tall fescue at 3.2 or 5.5 cm.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
8.8 cm mowing resisted smooth crabgrass invasion.
- Taxon
- Tall fescue
Lolium arundinaceume0 - Treatment
- mowed at 8.8 cme0
- Interactor
- smooth crabgrass
.jpg?width=60)
Digitaria ischaemume0weedt0 - Outcome
- smooth crabgrass invasione0
- Direction
- resistede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Tall fescue mowed at 8.8 cm resisted smooth crabgrass invasion”
t0“Weed”
Claim · model-written summary
8.8 cm mowing gave the best summer turf quality in 1990 and 1991.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- mowed at 8.8 cme1
- Outcome
- visual summer turf qualitye0
- Direction
- beste0
- Qualifier
- in 1990 and 1991e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exhibited best visual summer turf quality in 1990 and 1991”
t0“tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Rebel II.”
e1“Tall fescue mowed at 8.8 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
8.8 cm mowing gave the poorest winter turf quality.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- mowed at 8.8 cme1
- Outcome
- winter turf qualitye0
- Direction
- pooreste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“had poorest winter turf quality”
t0“tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Rebel II.”
e1“Tall fescue mowed at 8.8 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
8.8 cm mowing had the highest white clover populations.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- mowed at 8.8 cme1
- Interactor
- Trifotium repens L.e0weed
- Outcome
- white clover ( Trifotium repens L.) populationse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“had highest white clover ( Trifotium repens L.) populations”
t0“tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Rebel II.”
e1“Tall fescue mowed at 8.8 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower mowing heights and other environmental factors reduced summer quality.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- lower mowing height (3.2 or 5.5 cm)e0
- Outcome
- summer turf qualitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in 1990 and 1991e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Other environmental factors and lower mowing height (3.2 or 5.5 cm) reduced summer turf quality in 1990 and 1991”
t0“tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Rebel II.”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen improved fall and winter turf quality.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- High Ne0
- Outcome
- fall and winter turf qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High N improved fall and winter turf quality”
t0“tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Rebel II.”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen did not improve summer turf quality.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- High Ne0
- Outcome
- summer qualitye0
- Direction
- not summer qualitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High N improved fall and winter turf quality, but not summer quality”
t0“tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Rebel II.”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen reduced crabgrass on plots without herbicide.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- high Ne0
- Interactor
- smooth crabgrassDigitaria ischaemume0weed
- Outcome
- smooth crabgrasse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- low N plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nonherbicide‐treated plots receiving high N had less smooth crabgrass than low N plots”
t0“tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Rebel II.”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen supplied no additional crabgrass reduction on herbicide treated plots.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- high Ne0
- Interactor
- crabgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- crabgrass reductione0
- Direction
- no additionale0
- Qualifier
- herbicide‐treated plotse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high N provided no additional crabgrass reduction in herbicide‐treated plots”
t0“tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Rebel II.”
Claim · model-written summary
High mowing was recommended as the best strategy to reduce crabgrass and maintain fescue cover.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- High mowing (8.8 cm)e0
- Interactor
- smooth crabgrassDigitaria ischaemume0weedt0
- Outcome
- reducing smooth crabgrass encroachment and maintaining tall fescue covere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High mowing (8.8 cm) was the best cultural management strategy for reducing smooth crabgrass encroachment and maintaining tall fescue cover”
t0“Weed”
Claim · model-written summary
Label herbicide rates were warranted at 3.2 or 5.5 cm mowing.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Interactor
- smooth crabgrassDigitaria ischaemume0weedt0
- Outcome
- smooth crabgrass control with label use rates of herbicidese0
- Qualifier
- when mowing tall fescue at 3.2 or 5.5 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“smooth crabgrass control with label use rates of herbicides was warranted when mowing tall fescue at 3.2 or 5.5 cm”
t0“Weed”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · quality: general · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →pruning · quality: general · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.