Abstract
Abstract Use of turf‐type tall fescue (TF), Festuca arundinacea Schreb., in mixture with Kentucky bluegrass (KB), Poa pratensis L., and, or perennial ryegrass (PR), Lolium perenne L., for sports turf may be advantageous because of genetic diversity and improved tolerance to pests and environmental stresses compared to TF in monoculture. The compatibility of TF in mixture with KB and PR, and TF in monoculture was evaluated over a 5‐yr period. Cultural treatments studied were 16 and 22‐mm mowing heights and 75 and 150 kg N ha ‐1 yr ‐1 fall‐applied and 175 kg N ha −1 yr ‐1 spring‐fall applied N. Botanical composition and turfgrass cover were measured annually in June, 1985 to 1989, with an optical point quadrat. Visual quality ratings were taken monthly during the growing season. In the TF‐PR mixture, TF lacked competitiveness and had decreased from 51% the first year to 11% of the plant population 5 yr after planting. Tall fescue declined from 42% the first year to comprise 9% of the TF‐KB‐PR mixture after 5 yr. In the TF‐KB mixture, TF had an initial 1 yr decline of 60 to 44%, then remained competitive with KB and at 5 yr comprised 44% of the turf compared with 47% KB. The TF‐KB mixture and TF monoculture generally received higher quality ratings compared to the TF‐PR and TF‐KB‐PR mixtures starting in August 1988 and through completion of the study. Nitrogen and cutting height had little effect on botanical composition, and had occasional minor effects on turfgrass quality. These results show that selected, blended TF cultivars under non‐irrigated conditions can adapt to close mowing and remain competitive in mixture with selected blended KB cultivars over several years.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
In the TF-PR mixture, tall fescue declined to 11% of the plant population after 5 years.
- Taxon
- Tall Fescue
Lolium arundinaceumt0 - Outcome
- plant populatione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 11%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e1“TF lacked competitiveness and had decreased from 51% the first year to 11% of the plant population 5 yr after planting”
Claim · model-written summary
In the TF-KB-PR mixture, tall fescue comprised 9% of the turf after 5 years.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Outcome
- Tall fescuee2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Value
- 9%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e2“Tall fescue declined from 42% the first year to comprise 9% of the TF‐KB‐PR mixture after 5 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
In the TF-KB mixture, tall fescue fell from 60% to 44% in the first year.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Outcome
- initial 1 yr declinee3
- Direction
- declinee3
- Value
- 60 to 44%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e3“TF had an initial 1 yr decline of 60 to 44%”
Claim · model-written summary
After 5 years in the TF-KB mixture, tall fescue comprised 44% of the turf compared with 47% for Kentucky bluegrass.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Outcome
- comprisede4
- Value
- 44%e4
- Qualifier
- compared with 47% KBe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e4“at 5 yr comprised 44% of the turf compared with 47% KB”
Claim · model-written summary
The TF-KB mixture and tall fescue monoculture received higher quality ratings than the TF-PR and TF-KB-PR mixtures from August 1988.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- TF monoculturee5
- Outcome
- quality ratingse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- starting in August 1988e5
- Comparator
- TF‐PR and TF‐KB‐PR mixturese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e5“The TF‐KB mixture and TF monoculture generally received higher quality ratings compared to the TF‐PR and TF‐KB‐PR mixtures starting in August 1988”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and cutting height had little effect on the botanical composition of the turf.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen and cutting heighte6
- Outcome
- botanical compositione6
- Direction
- little effecte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e6“Nitrogen and cutting height had little effect on botanical composition, and had occasional minor effects on turfgrass quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and cutting height had occasional minor effects on turfgrass quality.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen and cutting heighte7
- Outcome
- turfgrass qualitye7
- Qualifier
- occasional minor effectse7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e7“Nitrogen and cutting height had little effect on botanical composition, and had occasional minor effects on turfgrass quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected blended tall fescue cultivars under non-irrigated conditions can adapt to close mowing and remain competitive in mixture with Kentucky bluegrass over several years.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Material
- selected, blended TF cultivarse1
- Outcome
- remain competitive in mixturee1
- Qualifier
- over several yearse1
- Setting
- non‐irrigated conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue”
e1“These results show that selected, blended TF cultivars under non‐irrigated conditions can adapt to close mowing and remain competitive in mixture with selected blended KB cultivars over several years”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · quality: general · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →pruning · quality: general · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.