Abstract
Maintaining a mixture of cool‐ and warm‐season turfgrasses year‐round instead of overseeding into a perennial monoculture stand annually in the transition zone may be an effective way to combine the strengths of two species. Four mixtures of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea L.) (Jaguar 3 and Bonsai) and zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica Steud.) (Zenith and Cathy) were evaluated under 5‐ and 7.5‐cm mowing heights and N regimes of 400, 200, and 100 kg ha –1 yr –1 in Beijing, China, during 2011 and 2012. Turf quality was better at a 5‐cm mowing height than a 7.5‐cm mowing height in July and October and was equivalent between the two mowing heights for the other months. Visual quality was highest in plots receiving N at 400 kg ha –1 yr –1 in May, June, September, October, and November. In August, however, the highest visual turf quality was observed for an N rate of 100 kg ha –1 yr –1 . Generally, the 5‐cm mowing height and low N application produced high shoot density and ground coverage by zoysiagrass, whereas the shoot density of tall fescue showed no difference between the two mowing heights. The higher N rate most often favored greater tall fescue shoot density and ground coverage. Based on the results, we recommend a 5‐cm mowing height and an N rate of 400 kg ha –1 yr –1 , avoiding application in August, for the mixture.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Turf quality was better at 5 cm than 7.5 cm mowing height in July and October.
- Taxon
- Tall Fescue and Zoysiagrass
Lolium arundinaceum
Zoysiat0 - Treatment
- 5‐cm mowing heighte0
- Outcome
- Turf qualitye0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- July and Octobere0
- Comparator
- 7.5‐cm mowing heighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Turf quality was better at a 5‐cm mowing height than a 7.5‐cm mowing height in July and October”
t0“Tall Fescue and Zoysiagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Turf quality was equivalent between mowing heights in the other months.
- Taxon
- Tall Fescue and ZoysiagrassLolium arundinaceumZoysiat0
- Treatment
- two mowing heightse0
- Outcome
- Turf qualitye1
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Qualifier
- other monthse0
- Comparator
- two mowing heightse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was equivalent between the two mowing heights for the other months.”
e1“Turf quality was better”
t0“Tall Fescue and Zoysiagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Visual turf quality was highest at 400 kg ha –1 yr –1 nitrogen in May, June, September, October, and November.
- Taxon
- Tall Fescue and ZoysiagrassLolium arundinaceumZoysiat0
- Treatment
- N at 400 kg ha –1 yr –1e0
- Outcome
- Visual qualitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- May, June, September, October, and Novembere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Visual quality was highest in plots receiving N at 400 kg ha –1 yr –1 in May, June, September, October, and November.”
t0“Tall Fescue and Zoysiagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Visual turf quality in August was highest at 100 kg ha –1 yr –1 nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Tall Fescue and ZoysiagrassLolium arundinaceumZoysiat0
- Treatment
- N rate of 100 kg ha –1 yr –1e0
- Outcome
- visual turf qualitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- Auguste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In August, however, the highest visual turf quality was observed for an N rate of 100 kg ha –1 yr –1 .”
t0“Tall Fescue and Zoysiagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5 cm mowing height and low nitrogen, zoysiagrass shoot density was high.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 5‐cm mowing height and low N application produced high shoot density and ground coverage by zoysiagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5 cm mowing height and low nitrogen, zoysiagrass ground coverage was high.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 5‐cm mowing height and low N application produced high shoot density and ground coverage by zoysiagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Tall fescue shoot density did not differ between mowing heights.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- two mowing heightse0
- Outcome
- shoot densitye0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Comparator
- two mowing heightse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the shoot density of tall fescue showed no difference between the two mowing heights.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen generally favored greater tall fescue shoot density.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- higher N ratee0
- Outcome
- shoot densitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher N rate most often favored greater tall fescue shoot density and ground coverage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen generally favored greater tall fescue ground coverage.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- higher N ratee0
- Outcome
- ground coveragee0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher N rate most often favored greater tall fescue shoot density and ground coverage.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 5 cm mowing with 400 kg ha –1 yr –1 nitrogen, excluding August, for the turf mixture.
- Taxon
- Tall Fescue and ZoysiagrassLolium arundinaceumZoysiat0
- Outcome
- 5‐cm mowing height and an N rate of 400 kg ha –1 yr –1e0
- Qualifier
- avoiding application in Auguste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we recommend a 5‐cm mowing height and an N rate of 400 kg ha –1 yr –1 , avoiding application in August, for the mixture.”
t0“Tall Fescue and Zoysiagrass”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · quality: general · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →pruning · quality: general · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →pruning · quality: general · ZoysiaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.