Abstract
There is limited information on the effect of leaf stage based defoliation management on the regrowth of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological changes in tall fescue during its regrowth cycle up to the five‐leaf stage, and the effect of repeated defoliation at the one‐leaf, two‐leaf, and four‐leaf stages on herbage quality, water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) energy reserves and the rate of subsequent plant regrowth. Crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations decreased with increased leaf regrowth stage, from 27% and 11.3 MJ kg −1 dry matter (DM) at the one‐leaf stage, to 16.1% and 9.2 MJ kg −1 DM at the five‐leaf stage, respectively. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations increased during the regrowth cycle by 16 and 9%, respectively. Frequent defoliation therefore maximized the CP and ME concentrations and minimized the ADF and NDF concentrations of tall fescue, but limited DM yields during regrowth. Defoliation at the four‐leaf stage resulted in 30% higher stubble WSC concentration and 20% higher leaf DM yield than defoliation at the two‐leaf stage of regrowth, but compromised herbage quality. The stubble was confirmed as the primary storage organ for WSC reserves, while leaf and root growth were found to have an equally high priority for available energy following defoliation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein concentration of tall fescue decreased as leaf regrowth stage increased, to 16.1%.
- Taxon
- Tall Fescue
Lolium arundinaceumt0 - Treatment
- increased leaf regrowth stagee1
- Outcome
- Crude protein (CP)e1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 16.1%e2
- Qualifier
- from 27%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Tall Fescue”
e1“Crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations decreased with increased leaf regrowth stage”
e2“to 16.1% and 9.2 MJ”
e3“from 27% and 11.3 MJ”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolizable energy concentration of tall fescue decreased as leaf regrowth stage increased, to 9.2 MJ.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- increased leaf regrowth stagee1
- Outcome
- metabolizable energy (ME) concentrationse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 9.2 MJe2
- Qualifier
- 11.3 MJe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Tall Fescue”
e1“Crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations decreased with increased leaf regrowth stage”
e2“to 16.1% and 9.2 MJ”
e3“from 27% and 11.3 MJ”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid detergent fiber concentration of tall fescue increased by 16 during the regrowth cycle.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- regrowth cyclee4
- Outcome
- Acid detergent fiber (ADF)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 16e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Tall Fescue”
e4“Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations increased during the regrowth cycle by 16 and 9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Neutral detergent fiber concentration of tall fescue increased by 9% during the regrowth cycle.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- regrowth cyclee4
- Outcome
- neutral detergent fiber (NDF)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 9%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Tall Fescue”
e4“Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations increased during the regrowth cycle by 16 and 9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Frequent defoliation maximized the CP and ME concentrations of tall fescue.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Frequent defoliatione5
- Outcome
- CP and ME concentrationse5
- Direction
- maximizede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Tall Fescue”
e5“Frequent defoliation therefore maximized the CP and ME concentrations and minimized the ADF and NDF concentrations of tall fescue, but limited DM yields during regrowth”
Claim · model-written summary
Frequent defoliation minimized the ADF and NDF concentrations of tall fescue.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Frequent defoliatione5
- Outcome
- ADF and NDF concentrationse5
- Direction
- minimizede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Tall Fescue”
e5“Frequent defoliation therefore maximized the CP and ME concentrations and minimized the ADF and NDF concentrations of tall fescue, but limited DM yields during regrowth”
Claim · model-written summary
Frequent defoliation limited DM yields during regrowth.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Frequent defoliatione5
- Outcome
- DM yieldse5
- Direction
- limitede5
- Qualifier
- during regrowthe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Tall Fescue”
e5“Frequent defoliation therefore maximized the CP and ME concentrations and minimized the ADF and NDF concentrations of tall fescue, but limited DM yields during regrowth”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation at the four-leaf stage gave 30% higher stubble WSC concentration than at the two-leaf stage.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Organ / stage
- stubblee6
- Treatment
- Defoliation at the four‐leaf stagee6
- Outcome
- stubble WSC concentratione6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 30%e6
- Comparator
- defoliation at the two‐leaf stagee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Tall Fescue”
e6“Defoliation at the four‐leaf stage resulted in 30% higher stubble WSC concentration”
e7“20% higher leaf DM yield than defoliation at the two‐leaf stage of regrowth”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation at the four-leaf stage gave 20% higher leaf DM yield than at the two-leaf stage.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe7
- Treatment
- Defoliation at the four‐leaf stagee6
- Outcome
- leaf DM yielde7
- Direction
- highere7
- Value
- 20%e7
- Comparator
- defoliation at the two‐leaf stagee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Tall Fescue”
e6“Defoliation at the four‐leaf stage resulted in 30% higher stubble WSC concentration”
e7“20% higher leaf DM yield than defoliation at the two‐leaf stage of regrowth”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation at the four-leaf stage compromised herbage quality.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Defoliation at the four‐leaf stagee6
- Outcome
- herbage qualitye7
- Direction
- compromisede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Tall Fescue”
e6“Defoliation at the four‐leaf stage resulted in 30% higher stubble WSC concentration”
e7“but compromised herbage quality”
Claim · model-written summary
The stubble was the primary storage organ for water-soluble carbohydrate reserves of tall fescue.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Organ / stage
- stubblee7
- Outcome
- primary storage organ for WSC reservese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Tall Fescue”
e7“The stubble was confirmed as the primary storage organ for WSC reserves”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and root growth had an equally high priority for available energy following defoliation.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaf and root growthe7
- Outcome
- priority for available energy following defoliatione7
- Direction
- equally highe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Tall Fescue”
e7“leaf and root growth were found to have an equally high priority for available energy following defoliation”
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