Abstract
There is limited information on the effect of leaf stage based defoliation management on the regrowth of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological changes in tall fescue during its regrowth cycle up to the five-leaf stage, and the effect of repeated defoliation at the one-leaf, two-leaf, and four-leaf stages on herbage quality, water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) energy reserves and the rate of subsequent plant regrowth. Crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations decreased with increased leaf regrowth stage, from 27% and 11.3 MJ kg−1 dry matter (DM) at the one-leaf stage, to 16.1% and 9.2 MJ kg−1 DM at the five-leaf stage, respectively. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations increased during the regrowth cycle by 16 and 9%, respectively. Frequent defoliation therefore maximized the CP and ME concentrations and minimized the ADF and NDF concentrations of tall fescue, but limited DM yields during regrowth. Defoliation at the four-leaf stage resulted in 30% higher stubble WSC concentration and 20% higher leaf DM yield than defoliation at the two-leaf stage of regrowth, but compromised herbage quality. The stubble was confirmed as the primary storage organ for WSC reserves, while leaf and root growth were found to have an equally high priority for available energy following defoliation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein concentration declined from the one-leaf to five-leaf stage.
- Taxon
- tall fescue
Lolium arundinaceumt0 - Organ / stage
- one-leaf stagee0
- Outcome
- Crude protein (CP)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 27%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations decreased with increased leaf regrowth stage, from 27% and 11.3 MJ kg−1 dry matter (DM) at the one-leaf stage, to 16.1% and 9.2 MJ kg−1 DM at the five-leaf stage, respectively.”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolizable energy concentration declined from 11.3 to 9.2 MJ kg−1 DM between the one-leaf and five-leaf stages.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Outcome
- metabolizable energy (ME) concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 11.3 MJ kg−1 dry mattere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations decreased with increased leaf regrowth stage, from 27% and 11.3 MJ kg−1 dry matter (DM) at the one-leaf stage, to 16.1% and 9.2 MJ kg−1 DM at the five-leaf stage, respectively.”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid detergent fiber concentration increased by 16% during regrowth.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Outcome
- Acid detergent fiber (ADF)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations increased during the regrowth cycle by 16 and 9%, respectively.”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Neutral detergent fiber concentration increased by 9% during regrowth.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Outcome
- neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations increased during the regrowth cycle by 16 and 9%, respectively.”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Frequent defoliation maximized crude protein and metabolizable energy concentrations.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Frequent defoliatione0
- Outcome
- CP and ME concentrationse0
- Direction
- maximizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Frequent defoliation therefore maximized the CP and ME concentrations”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Frequent defoliation minimized acid and neutral detergent fiber concentrations.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- Frequent defoliatione1
- Outcome
- ADF and NDF concentrationse0
- Direction
- minimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimized the ADF and NDF concentrations of tall fescue”
e1“Frequent defoliation therefore maximized”
Claim · model-written summary
Frequent defoliation limited dry matter yields during regrowth.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Frequent defoliatione1
- Outcome
- DM yieldse0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but limited DM yields during regrowth”
e1“Frequent defoliation therefore maximized”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-leaf defoliation produced 30% higher stubble WSC concentration than two-leaf defoliation.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Defoliation at the four-leaf stagee0
- Outcome
- stubble WSC concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Comparator
- defoliation at the two-leaf stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Defoliation at the four-leaf stage resulted in 30% higher stubble WSC concentration and 20% higher leaf DM yield than defoliation at the two-leaf stage of regrowth”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-leaf defoliation produced 20% higher leaf dry matter yield than two-leaf defoliation.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Defoliation at the four-leaf stagee0
- Outcome
- leaf DM yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- defoliation at the two-leaf stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Defoliation at the four-leaf stage resulted in 30% higher stubble WSC concentration and 20% higher leaf DM yield than defoliation at the two-leaf stage of regrowth”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-leaf defoliation compromised herbage quality.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Defoliation at the four-leaf stagee1
- Outcome
- herbage qualitye0
- Direction
- compromisede0
- Comparator
- defoliation at the two-leaf stagee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but compromised herbage quality.”
e1“Defoliation at the four-leaf stage resulted”
e2“defoliation at the two-leaf stage of regrowth”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Stubble was the primary storage organ for WSC reserves.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Organ / stage
- stubblee0
- Outcome
- primary storage organ for WSC reservese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stubble was confirmed as the primary storage organ for WSC reserves”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and root growth had equally high priority for energy following defoliation.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Outcome
- leaf and root growthe0
- Qualifier
- equally high priority for available energy following defoliatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf and root growth were found to have an equally high priority for available energy following defoliation”
t0“Tall Fescue”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.