Abstract
Abstract Pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage, which had been previously reported to become unpalatable under drought stress conditions, also contained high levels of nitrate and total alkaloids. This study was conducted to determine the effect of irrigation, drought stress, and drought stress elimination, as well as fertilization with 0 and 56 kg S ha −1 , and 112, 224, and 336 kg N ha −1 , on alkaloid and nitrate levels in pearl millet. ‘Millex 24’ hybrid millet was grown in the field during a hot, dry summer on a Darco soil (loamy, siliceous, thermic Grossarenic Paleudult) in East Texas. Chemical analyses for nitrate and total alkaloid levels were conducted on leaf blades and stems plus sheaths of vegetative plants. Alkaloid levels increased in pearl millet after extended drought and with increasing N fertilization rate. Total alkaloid concentration was higher in leaf blades (46 mg kg −1 ) than in stems plus sheaths (16 mg kg −1 ). Nitrate levels increased with improving plant water status and with increasing N fertilization. At the lowest N fertilization rate, nitrate concentrations were similar in irrigated and nonirrigated millet. At the highest N fertilization rate, nitrate was nearly two times higher in irrigated than in nonirrigated millet due to accumulation in stem portions. Nitrate concentration was higher in stems plus sheaths (14 g kg −1 ) than in leaf blades (5.1 g kg −1 ), but nitrate levels were highly correlated ( r =0.90**; n =48) among plant parts. Sulfur application had no effect on either alkaloid or nitrate levels. A significant interaction between S and N rate occurred in stem plus sheath nitrate concentration ( P <0.01). Whole plant alkaloid and nitrate levels were significantly correlated under N fertilization and irrigation but were not correlated under moderate drought stress or under drought stress elimination.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Extended drought increased pearl millet alkaloid levels.
- Taxon
- pearl millet
Cenchrus americanuse0 - Treatment
- extended droughte0
- Outcome
- Alkaloid levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkaloid levels increased in pearl millet after extended drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N fertilization raised alkaloid levels.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- increasing N fertilization ratee0
- Outcome
- Alkaloid levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkaloid levels increased in pearl millet after extended drought and with increasing N fertilization rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf blade alkaloids exceeded stem and sheath levels, 46 versus 16 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Organ / stage
- leaf bladese0
- Outcome
- Total alkaloid concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 46 mg kg −1e0
- Comparator
- stems plus sheathse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total alkaloid concentration was higher in leaf blades (46 mg kg −1 ) than in stems plus sheaths (16 mg kg −1 )”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved water status increased nitrate levels.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- improving plant water statuse0
- Outcome
- Nitrate levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate levels increased with improving plant water status”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N fertilization raised nitrate levels.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- increasing N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Nitrate levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate levels increased with improving plant water status and with increasing N fertilization”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
At the lowest N rate, irrigation did not materially change nitrate concentration.
Verbatim
e0“At the lowest N fertilization rate, nitrate concentrations were similar in irrigated and nonirrigated millet”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest N rate, irrigated plants had nearly twice the nitrate of nonirrigated plants.
Verbatim
e0“At the highest N fertilization rate, nitrate was nearly two times higher in irrigated than in nonirrigated millet due to accumulation in stem portions”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem and sheath nitrate exceeded leaf blade nitrate, 14 versus 5.1 g/kg.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Organ / stage
- stems plus sheathse0
- Outcome
- Nitrate concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14 g kg −1e0
- Comparator
- leaf bladese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate concentration was higher in stems plus sheaths (14 g kg −1 ) than in leaf blades (5.1 g kg −1 )”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate levels were strongly correlated between plant parts.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Organ / stage
- plant partse0
- Outcome
- nitrate levelse0
- Value
- r =0.90**e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrate levels were highly correlated ( r =0.90**; n =48) among plant parts”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur application had no effect on alkaloid levels.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- Sulfur applicatione0
- Outcome
- alkaloide0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur application had no effect on either alkaloid or nitrate levels”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur application had no effect on nitrate levels.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- Sulfur applicatione0
- Outcome
- nitrate levelse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur application had no effect on either alkaloid or nitrate levels”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur and nitrogen rates interacted significantly for stem and sheath nitrate.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- S and N ratee0
- Outcome
- stem plus sheath nitrate concentratione0
- Value
- P <0.01e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant interaction between S and N rate occurred in stem plus sheath nitrate concentration ( P <0.01)”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole plant alkaloid and nitrate levels correlated under N fertilization and irrigation.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- N fertilization and irrigatione0
- Outcome
- Whole plant alkaloid and nitrate levelse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whole plant alkaloid and nitrate levels were significantly correlated under N fertilization and irrigation”
t0“Pearl millet”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole plant alkaloid and nitrate levels did not correlate under moderate drought or drought elimination.
- Taxon
- Pearl milletCenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- moderate drought stress or under drought stress eliminatione0
- Outcome
- Whole plant alkaloid and nitrate levelse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whole plant alkaloid and nitrate levels were significantly correlated under N fertilization and irrigation but were not correlated under moderate drought stress or under drought stress elimination”
t0“Pearl millet”
The same questions in other papers
sulfur atom · nutrient: content · Cenchrus americanus (pearl millet)Positive and negative results
5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →fertilization · quality: phytochemicals · Cenchrus americanus (pearl millet)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.