Abstract
Summary Life history theory predicts that reproduction incurs costs in terms of future growth and survival. In infertile environments reproductive events may accelerate nutrient turnover such that losses of limiting nutrients cannot be replenished by uptake from the soil. We compared the effect of reproduction on nitrogen (N) turnover and N use‐efficiency, i.e. the annual dry matter produced per unit N lost, of three carnivorous species of the genus Pinguicula on an infertile subarctic heath. We hypothesized that reproduction should increase N turnover, unless a larger N pool or improved N resorption can compensate for the losses associated with reproduction. These carnivorous herbs showed a nitrogen use strategy similar to that of non‐carnivorous plants (herbs and grasses) with a relatively low mean residence time (MRT) of N and a large dry matter productivity per unit N in the plant (annual N productivity). N pool size and the efficiency of N resorption from senescent leaves were similar in reproductive and non‐reproductive individuals. Reproductive individuals had significantly larger annual N losses and thus a lower average MRT (0.8 vs. 1.8 years), with values < 1 indicating that the annual N losses are greater than the annual average N pool. Unless plants can enhance their nutrient acquisition, flowering may therefore impact on future growth and survival. This study presents evidence for a direct link between reproduction, reflected in a higher relative allocation to inflorescences, turnover and N use‐efficiency; the latter being reduced because of increased N turnover. The ranking of species in terms of reproductive allocation was the reverse of their ranking in terms of their N use‐efficiency.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Pinguicula had a nitrogen use strategy resembling noncarnivorous herbs and grasses.
- Taxon
- Pinguicula
Pinguiculat0 - Outcome
- nitrogen use strategye0
- Comparator
- non‐carnivorous plants (herbs and grasses)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These carnivorous herbs showed a nitrogen use strategy similar to that of non‐carnivorous plants (herbs and grasses) with a relatively low mean residence time (MRT) of N and a large dry matter productivity per unit N in the plant (annual N productivity).”
t0“three species of the carnivorous genus Pinguicula”
Claim · model-written summary
N pool size was similar in reproductive and nonreproductive plants.
- Taxon
- PinguiculaPinguiculat0
- Material
- reproductive and non‐reproductive individualse0
- Outcome
- N pool sizee0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N pool size and the efficiency of N resorption from senescent leaves were similar in reproductive and non‐reproductive individuals.”
t0“three species of the carnivorous genus Pinguicula”
Claim · model-written summary
efficiency of N resorption from senescent leaves was similar in reproductive and nonreproductive plants.
- Taxon
- PinguiculaPinguiculat0
- Material
- reproductive and non‐reproductive individualse0
- Outcome
- efficiency of N resorption from senescent leavese0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N pool size and the efficiency of N resorption from senescent leaves were similar in reproductive and non‐reproductive individuals.”
t0“three species of the carnivorous genus Pinguicula”
Claim · model-written summary
Reproductive individuals had larger annual nitrogen losses.
- Taxon
- PinguiculaPinguiculat0
- Material
- Reproductive individualse0
- Outcome
- annual N lossese0
- Direction
- largere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reproductive individuals had significantly larger annual N losses and thus a lower average MRT (0.8 vs. 1.8 years), with values < 1 indicating that the annual N losses are greater than the annual average N pool.”
t0“three species of the carnivorous genus Pinguicula”
Claim · model-written summary
Reproductive individuals had lower mean nitrogen residence time, 0.8 versus 1.8 years.
- Taxon
- PinguiculaPinguiculat0
- Material
- Reproductive individualse0
- Outcome
- average MRTe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 0.8 vs. 1.8 yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reproductive individuals had significantly larger annual N losses and thus a lower average MRT (0.8 vs. 1.8 years), with values < 1 indicating that the annual N losses are greater than the annual average N pool.”
t0“three species of the carnivorous genus Pinguicula”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater reproductive allocation was linked to nitrogen turnover.
- Taxon
- PinguiculaPinguiculat0
- Organ / stage
- inflorescencese0
- Outcome
- turnovere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study presents evidence for a direct link between reproduction, reflected in a higher relative allocation to inflorescences, turnover and N use‐efficiency; the latter being reduced because of increased N turnover.”
t0“three species of the carnivorous genus Pinguicula”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater nitrogen turnover reduced nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- PinguiculaPinguiculat0
- Organ / stage
- inflorescencese0
- Outcome
- N use‐efficiencye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- increased N turnovere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study presents evidence for a direct link between reproduction, reflected in a higher relative allocation to inflorescences, turnover and N use‐efficiency; the latter being reduced because of increased N turnover.”
t0“three species of the carnivorous genus Pinguicula”
Claim · model-written summary
Species rankings for reproductive allocation and nitrogen use efficiency were reversed.
- Taxon
- PinguiculaPinguiculat0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive allocatione0
- Outcome
- N use‐efficiencye0
- Direction
- reversee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ranking of species in terms of reproductive allocation was the reverse of their ranking in terms of their N use‐efficiency.”
t0“three species of the carnivorous genus Pinguicula”