Abstract
Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) and blackeye cowpea mosaic potyvirus (BlCMV) interact synergistically in dually infected plants to cause cowpea stunt disease (1,2). During a July 1996 survey of cowpea stunt-affected fields in the Arkansas River valley, several wild bean (Strophostyles helvola L. Elliott) plants expressing mosaic symptoms were observed and collected. Sap was extracted from symptomatic leaves and used as inoculum to conduct a host range study. Virus symptoms diagnostic for BlCMV, CMV, or cowpea stunt were observed 6 to 8 days post-inoculation on Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata cv. Coronet, while chlorotic lesions and mild systemic mosaic symptoms developed on Nicotiana benthamiana. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) conducted on extracts from symptomatic cowpea and N. benthamiana 14 days after inoculation verified the presence of CMV and BlCMV in single and mixed infections. Additional symptomatic wild bean plants were collected from the same site in October 1996. ELISAs and Ouchterlony gel diffusion assays confirmed the presence of CMV and BlCMV, as well as soybean mosaic potyvirus (SMV), cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus, and alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) in symptomatic wild bean plants. While some of the collected plants were infected with only one virus, others had combined infections of CMV and BlCMV or these two viruses with AlMV. Interestingly, AlMV isolated from wild bean caused symptoms on greenhouse-grown cowpeas that were as severe or more severe than those caused by the cowpea stunt synergy, often resulting in plant death within 8 to 10 days after inoculation. The SMV from wild bean did not induce symptoms on cowpea and was not detected in extracts from inoculated cowpea plants by Ouchterlony gel diffusion assays, but was able to systemically infect soybean (Glycine max L.) cvs. Bragg and Lee. Another virus known to infect cowpea, southern bean mosaic sobemovirus, was not detected in any of the samples tested. To our knowledge, this is the first report that wild bean can serve as an alternate host for cowpea stunt-causing viruses in single and mixed infections. In addition, these data suggest that AlMV may pose a threat to Arkansas-grown cowpeas. References: (1) E. J. Anderson et al. Ark. Farm Res. 43:14, 1994. (2) G. Pio-Ribeiro et al. Phytopathology 68:1260, 1978.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Wild bean plants expressed mosaic symptoms.
Verbatim
e0“several wild bean (Strophostyles helvola L. Elliott) plants expressing mosaic symptoms were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated cowpea cv. Coronet showed symptoms diagnostic for BlCMV, CMV or cowpea stunt after 6 to 8 days.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Material
- Coronete0
- Treatment
- post-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- Virus symptoms diagnostic for BlCMV, CMV, or cowpea stunte0
- Value
- 6 to 8 dayse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus symptoms diagnostic for BlCMV, CMV, or cowpea stunt were observed 6 to 8 days post-inoculation on Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata cv. Coronet”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated Nicotiana benthamiana developed chlorotic lesions and mild systemic mosaic.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- inoculume1
- Outcome
- chlorotic lesions and mild systemic mosaic symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorotic lesions and mild systemic mosaic symptoms developed on Nicotiana benthamiana”
t0“Wild Bean”
e1“Sap was extracted from symptomatic leaves and used as inoculum to conduct a host range study”
Claim · model-written summary
CMV and BlCMV were verified in symptomatic cowpea and N. benthamiana in single and mixed infections.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Interactor
- CMV
cucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen - Second interactor
- BlCMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- presence of CMV and BlCMV in single and mixed infectionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“verified the presence of CMV and BlCMV in single and mixed infections”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
CMV and BlCMV were confirmed in symptomatic wild bean.
- Taxon
- wild beane0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- BlCMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- presence of CMV and BlCMVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“confirmed the presence of CMV and BlCMV, as well as soybean mosaic potyvirus (SMV), cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus, and alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) in symptomatic wild bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean mosaic potyvirus was confirmed in symptomatic wild bean.
Verbatim
e0“soybean mosaic potyvirus (SMV), cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus, and alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) in symptomatic wild bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus was confirmed in symptomatic wild bean.
Verbatim
e0“cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus, and alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) in symptomatic wild bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa mosaic virus was confirmed in symptomatic wild bean.
- Taxon
- wild beane0
- Interactor
- alfalfa mosaic virus
Alfamovirus AMVe0pathogen - Outcome
- alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) in symptomatic wild bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Some wild bean plants had single virus infections and others had CMV–BlCMV or CMV–BlCMV–AlMV infections.
- Taxon
- wild beant0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- BlCMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- combined infections of CMV and BlCMV or these two viruses with AlMVe0
- Qualifier
- AlMVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some of the collected plants were infected with only one virus, others had combined infections of CMV and BlCMV or these two viruses with AlMV”
t0“Wild Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild-bean AlMV caused cowpea symptoms as severe as or more severe than cowpea stunt synergy and often caused death within 8 to 10 days.
- Taxon
- cowpeasVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- AlMV isolated from wild beane0
- Interactor
- AlMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptomse0
- Direction
- as severe or more severee0
- Value
- 8 to 10 dayse0
- Comparator
- cowpea stunt synergye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AlMV isolated from wild bean caused symptoms on greenhouse-grown cowpeas that were as severe or more severe than those caused by the cowpea stunt synergy, often resulting in plant death within 8 to 10 days after inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
SMV from wild bean did not induce symptoms or become detectable in inoculated cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- SMV from wild beane0
- Interactor
- SMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptoms on cowpeae0
- Direction
- did not inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SMV from wild bean did not induce symptoms on cowpea and was not detected in extracts from inoculated cowpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SMV from wild bean systemically infected soybean cultivars Bragg and Lee.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- Bragg and Leee0
- Treatment
- SMVe1
- Interactor
- SMVe1pathogen
- Outcome
- systemically infecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was able to systemically infect soybean (Glycine max L.) cvs. Bragg and Lee”
t0“Viruses”
e1“The SMV from wild bean did not induce symptoms on cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Southern bean mosaic sobemovirus was not detected in tested samples.
Verbatim
e0“southern bean mosaic sobemovirus, was not detected in any of the samples tested”
t0“Wild Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild bean can be an alternate host for cowpea stunt viruses.
Verbatim
e0“wild bean can serve as an alternate host for cowpea stunt-causing viruses in single and mixed infections”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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