Abstract
Phytohormones are known as essential regulators of plant defenses, with ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid as the central immunity backbone, while other phytohormones have been demonstrated to interact with this. Only recently, a function of the classic phytohormone cytokinin in plant immunity has been described in Arabidopsis, rice, and tobacco. Although interactions of cytokinins with salicylic acid and auxin have been indicated, the complete network of cytokinin interactions with other immunity-relevant phytohormones is not yet understood. Therefore, we studied the interaction of kinetin and abscisic acid as a negative regulator of plant immunity to modulate resistance in tobacco against Pseudomonas syringae. By analyzing infection symptoms, pathogen proliferation, and accumulation of the phytoalexin scopoletin as a key mediator of kinetin-induced resistance in tobacco, antagonistic interaction of these phytohormones in plant immunity was identified. Kinetin reduced abscisic acid levels in tobacco, while increased abscisic acid levels by exogenous application or inhibition of abscisic acid catabolism by diniconazole neutralized kinetin-induced resistance. Based on these results, we conclude that reduction of abscisic acid levels by enhanced abscisic acid catabolism strongly contributes to cytokinin-mediated resistance effects. Thus, the identified cytokinin-abscisic acid antagonism is a novel regulatory mechanism in plant immunity.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin and abscisic acid antagonized one another in tobacco immunity.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume1 - Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee1pathogen - Compound
- kinetin and abscisic acide1
- Outcome
- plant immunitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“antagonistic interaction of these phytohormones in plant immunity was identified”
e1“kinetin and abscisic acid as a negative regulator of plant immunity to modulate resistance in tobacco against Pseudomonas syringae”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin reduced abscisic acid levels in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- Kinetine0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kinetin reduced abscisic acid levels in tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous abscisic acid neutralized kinetin-induced resistance.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- exogenous applicatione0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringaePseudomonas syringaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- kinetin-induced resistancee0
- Direction
- neutralizede0
- Comparator
- kinetin-induced resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased abscisic acid levels by exogenous application or inhibition of abscisic acid catabolism by diniconazole neutralized kinetin-induced resistance”
e1“in tobacco against Pseudomonas syringae”
Claim · model-written summary
Diniconazole inhibition of abscisic acid catabolism neutralized kinetin-induced resistance.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- diniconazolee0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringaePseudomonas syringaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- kinetin-induced resistancee0
- Direction
- neutralizede0
- Comparator
- kinetin-induced resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibition of abscisic acid catabolism by diniconazole neutralized kinetin-induced resistance”
e1“in tobacco against Pseudomonas syringae”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced abscisic acid catabolism contributes to cytokinin-mediated resistance.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringaePseudomonas syringaee1pathogen
- Compound
- abscisic acide0
- Outcome
- cytokinin-mediated resistance effectse0
- Qualifier
- enhanced abscisic acid catabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduction of abscisic acid levels by enhanced abscisic acid catabolism strongly contributes to cytokinin-mediated resistance effects”
e1“in tobacco against Pseudomonas syringae”