Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silicon ( S i) and its interaction with fungicide on the management of sorghum anthracnose. The experiments were carried out in S i‐deficient soil in the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 growing seasons in a randomized, complete block, split‐split plot design with four replications. Calcium silicate ( CS ) and lime ( L ), at the rates of 6 and 5 ton/ha, respectively, were randomly assigned to the main plot. Two sorghum lines, BR ‐008 (resistant) and BR ‐009 (susceptible), were assigned to the split plots. The split‐split plots corresponded to with or without the fungicide O pera® (epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin). The residual effect of CS and L from the 2008/2009 growing season was evaluated in the 2009/2010 growing season. For the 2008/2009 growing season, the area under anthracnose progress curve ( AUAPC ) was reduced by 39 and 42% for lines BR ‐008 and BR ‐009, respectively, with the application of CS . In the presence of the fungicide, the AUAPC was reduced by 35 and 42% for the CS and L treatments, respectively. Calcium silicate with and without fungicide contributed to decreasing the AUAPC by 44 and 37%, respectively. The fungicide spray decreased the AUAPC by 50 and 39% for lines BR ‐008 and BR ‐009, respectively. Without fungicide, the AUAPC decreased by 88% for line BR ‐008 compared with line BR ‐009; however, with fungicide, the reduction reached 90%. The S i leaf tissue concentration significantly increased with the CS application (5.9 g/kg) compared with the L application (0.3 g/kg), regardless of the sorghum line. The yield increased by 0.6 ton/ha with the CS compared to the L application. The fungicide increased yield by 0.48 ton/ha compared with the non‐fungicide spray treatment. The residual effect of CS in the soil increased Si leaf tissue concentration and yield as well as reduced the intensity of anthracnose in the 2009/2010 growing season.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium silicate reduced the anthracnose AUAPC by 39 and 42% in lines BR-008 and BR-009 in the 2008/2009 season.
- Material
- BR ‐008 and BR ‐009e0
- Treatment
- CSe0
- Interactor
- anthracnosee0pathogen
- Outcome
- area under anthracnose progress curve ( AUAPC )e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 39 and 42%e0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon and Fungicide Effects on Anthracnose in Moderately Resistant and Susceptible Sorghum Lines”
e0“the area under anthracnose progress curve ( AUAPC ) was reduced by 39 and 42% for lines BR ‐008 and BR ‐009, respectively, with the application of CS”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide with calcium silicate or lime reduced the AUAPC by 35 and 42% for the CS and L treatments.
- Treatment
- fungicidee1
- Interactor
- Anthracnoset0pathogen
- Outcome
- AUAPCe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 35 and 42%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon and Fungicide Effects on Anthracnose in Moderately Resistant and Susceptible Sorghum Lines”
e1“In the presence of the fungicide, the AUAPC was reduced by 35 and 42% for the CS and L treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium silicate with and without fungicide decreased the AUAPC by 44 and 37%, respectively.
- Treatment
- Calcium silicate with and without fungicidee2
- Interactor
- Anthracnoset0pathogen
- Outcome
- AUAPCe2
- Direction
- decreasinge2
- Value
- 44 and 37%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon and Fungicide Effects on Anthracnose in Moderately Resistant and Susceptible Sorghum Lines”
e2“Calcium silicate with and without fungicide contributed to decreasing the AUAPC by 44 and 37%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicide spray decreased the AUAPC by 50 and 39% in lines BR-008 and BR-009.
- Material
- BR ‐008 and BR ‐009e3
- Treatment
- fungicide spraye3
- Interactor
- Anthracnoset0pathogen
- Outcome
- AUAPCe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 50 and 39%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon and Fungicide Effects on Anthracnose in Moderately Resistant and Susceptible Sorghum Lines”
e3“The fungicide spray decreased the AUAPC by 50 and 39% for lines BR ‐008 and BR ‐009, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Without fungicide, the AUAPC was 88% lower for line BR-008 than for line BR-009.
- Material
- BR ‐008e4
- Interactor
- Anthracnoset0pathogen
- Outcome
- AUAPCe4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 88%e4
- Comparator
- line BR ‐009e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon and Fungicide Effects on Anthracnose in Moderately Resistant and Susceptible Sorghum Lines”
e4“Without fungicide, the AUAPC decreased by 88% for line BR ‐008 compared with line BR ‐009; however, with fungicide, the reduction reached 90%”
Claim · model-written summary
With fungicide, the reduction in AUAPC reached 90%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon and Fungicide Effects on Anthracnose in Moderately Resistant and Susceptible Sorghum Lines”
e4“Without fungicide, the AUAPC decreased by 88% for line BR ‐008 compared with line BR ‐009; however, with fungicide, the reduction reached 90%”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium silicate application increased leaf silicon concentration to 5.9 g/kg compared with lime at 0.3 g/kg, regardless of sorghum line.
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuee5
- Treatment
- CSe5
- Outcome
- leaf tissue concentratione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 5.9 g/kge5
- Comparator
- L applicatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon and Fungicide Effects on Anthracnose in Moderately Resistant and Susceptible Sorghum Lines”
e5“leaf tissue concentration significantly increased with the CS application (5.9 g/kg) compared with the L application (0.3 g/kg), regardless of the sorghum line. The yield increased by 0.6 ton/ha with the CS compared to the L application”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium silicate increased yield by 0.6 t/ha compared with lime.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon and Fungicide Effects on Anthracnose in Moderately Resistant and Susceptible Sorghum Lines”
e5“leaf tissue concentration significantly increased with the CS application (5.9 g/kg) compared with the L application (0.3 g/kg), regardless of the sorghum line. The yield increased by 0.6 ton/ha with the CS compared to the L application”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide spray increased yield by 0.48 t/ha compared with the non-fungicide spray treatment.
- Treatment
- fungicidee6
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 0.48 ton/hae6
- Comparator
- non‐fungicide spray treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon and Fungicide Effects on Anthracnose in Moderately Resistant and Susceptible Sorghum Lines”
e6“The fungicide increased yield by 0.48 ton/ha compared with the non‐fungicide spray treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The residual effect of calcium silicate increased leaf silicon concentration and yield in the 2009/2010 season.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon and Fungicide Effects on Anthracnose in Moderately Resistant and Susceptible Sorghum Lines”
e7“The residual effect of CS in the soil increased Si leaf tissue concentration and yield as well as reduced the intensity of anthracnose in the 2009/2010 growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
The residual effect of calcium silicate reduced anthracnose intensity in the 2009/2010 season.
- Treatment
- residual effect of CSe7
- Interactor
- anthracnosee7pathogen
- Outcome
- intensity of anthracnosee7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Setting
- 2009/2010 growing seasone7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silicon and Fungicide Effects on Anthracnose in Moderately Resistant and Susceptible Sorghum Lines”
e7“The residual effect of CS in the soil increased Si leaf tissue concentration and yield as well as reduced the intensity of anthracnose in the 2009/2010 growing season”
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.