Abstract
Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C), an integrator of plant behaviour influencing transpiration efficiency (TE), is an important component of yield under drought. The variation in Δ13C and its association with yield was assessed in the reference collection of chickpea germplasm. Drought stress reduced shoot biomass by 36-39% and grain yield by 23%. Mean Δ13C was low and the range of genetic variation was high under drought stress. Largely, high Δ13C accessions were early in flowering (40-50 days), moderate in shoot biomass, high in seed yields and high in harvest index (HI). Δ13C was positively correlated with seed yield in both the years under drought stress, only in 2008-09 under optimal irrigation. This positive association was very close with HI. Among the yield components, Δ13C was closely associated with pod numbers per unit area and seed size under drought stress. Path coefficients showed no direct association of Δ13C with grain yield but an indirect negative association through shoot biomass at maturity and a close positive association through HI. The closest association of HI or shoot biomass was seen in the maturity group of accessions that experienced the optimum terminal drought stress.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress reduced chickpea shoot biomass by 36-39%.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Treatment
- Drought stresse1
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 36-39%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity”
e1“Drought stress reduced shoot biomass by 36-39% and grain yield by 23%”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress reduced chickpea grain yield by 23%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 23%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity”
e1“Drought stress reduced shoot biomass by 36-39% and grain yield by 23%”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean carbon isotope discrimination was low in chickpea accessions under drought stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- drought stresse2
- Outcome
- Mean Δ13Ce2
- Direction
- lowe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity”
e2“Mean Δ13C was low and the range of genetic variation was high under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The range of genetic variation in carbon isotope discrimination was high under drought stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- drought stresse2
- Outcome
- range of genetic variatione2
- Direction
- highe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity”
e2“Mean Δ13C was low and the range of genetic variation was high under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
High carbon isotope discrimination accessions were early in flowering (40-50 days).
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- high Δ13C accessionse3
- Outcome
- floweringe3
- Direction
- earlye3
- Value
- 40-50 dayse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity”
e3“Largely, high Δ13C accessions were early in flowering (40-50 days), moderate in shoot biomass, high in seed yields and high in harvest index (HI)”
Claim · model-written summary
High carbon isotope discrimination accessions had high seed yields.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- high Δ13C accessionse3
- Outcome
- seed yieldse3
- Direction
- highe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity”
e3“Largely, high Δ13C accessions were early in flowering (40-50 days), moderate in shoot biomass, high in seed yields and high in harvest index (HI)”
Claim · model-written summary
High carbon isotope discrimination accessions had high harvest index.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- high Δ13C accessionse3
- Outcome
- harvest index (HI)e3
- Direction
- highe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity”
e3“Largely, high Δ13C accessions were early in flowering (40-50 days), moderate in shoot biomass, high in seed yields and high in harvest index (HI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon isotope discrimination was positively correlated with seed yield under drought stress in both years.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- drought stresse4
- Outcome
- seed yielde4
- Direction
- positively correlatede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity”
e4“Δ13C was positively correlated with seed yield in both the years under drought stress, only in 2008-09 under optimal irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
The positive correlation of carbon isotope discrimination with seed yield was found only in 2008-09 under optimal irrigation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- optimal irrigatione4
- Outcome
- seed yielde4
- Direction
- positively correlatede4
- Setting
- 2008-09e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity”
e4“Δ13C was positively correlated with seed yield in both the years under drought stress, only in 2008-09 under optimal irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
The positive association of carbon isotope discrimination with seed yield was very close with harvest index.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- drought stresse5
- Outcome
- HIe5
- Direction
- positive associatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity”
e5“Δ13C was positively correlated with seed yield in both the years under drought stress, only in 2008-09 under optimal irrigation. This positive association was very close with HI”
Claim · model-written summary
Among the yield components, carbon isotope discrimination was closely associated with pod numbers per unit area and seed size under drought stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- drought stresse6
- Outcome
- pod numbers per unit area and seed sizee6
- Direction
- closely associatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity”
e6“Among the yield components, Δ13C was closely associated with pod numbers per unit area and seed size under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon isotope discrimination showed no direct association with grain yield in path analysis.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Qualifier
- no direct associatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity”
e7“Path coefficients showed no direct association of Δ13C with grain yield but an indirect negative association through shoot biomass at maturity and a close positive association through HI”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon isotope discrimination had an indirect negative association with grain yield through shoot biomass at maturity.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Organ / stage
- shoot biomass at maturitye7
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Direction
- negativee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity”
e7“Path coefficients showed no direct association of Δ13C with grain yield but an indirect negative association through shoot biomass at maturity and a close positive association through HI”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon isotope discrimination had a close positive association with grain yield through harvest index.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Direction
- close positive associatione7
- Qualifier
- through HIe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity”
e7“Path coefficients showed no direct association of Δ13C with grain yield but an indirect negative association through shoot biomass at maturity and a close positive association through HI”
Claim · model-written summary
The closest association of harvest index or shoot biomass was in the maturity group of accessions under optimum terminal drought stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- maturity group of accessionse1
- Treatment
- optimum terminal drought stresse1
- Outcome
- HI or shoot biomasse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal drought is a major constraint to chickpea productivity”
e1“The closest association of HI or shoot biomass was seen in the maturity group of accessions that experienced the optimum terminal drought stress”
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