Abstract
Ricinus communis and Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae), two biodiesel plants are especially well known for many industrial, pharmacological, and/or toxicological properties, but to date very little is known about their allelopathic characteristics.Hence, to explore the allelopathy of both plants, the aqueous methanol extracts of their leaves were examined at five different concentrations (3-, 10-, 30-, 100-, and 300-mg dry weight [DW] equivalent extract/mL) on the seedling growth of cress, lettuce, alfalfa, Italian ryegrass, barnyard grass, and crabgrass, and on the germination of cress and barnyard grass.The bioassay experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications.The inhibitory activities of both extracts depends on the concentration and test plant species.Considering the I 50 values, the seedling growth of lettuce was most sensitive to both extracts and barnyard grass was least sensitive.At concentration of 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mL, R. communis completely inhibited the germination of both cress and barnyard grass, and the seedling growth of cress, lettuce, Italian ryegrass, and barnyard grass.At the same concentration, complete inhibition on the germination of cress and the seedling growth of lettuce and alfalfa was only observed by J. curcas extracts.These results suggest that both plants have allelopathic properties and may possess allelochemicals.Since R. communis extracts had greater activity than J. curcas against the major crop weeds, this plant could be the best candidate for isolation and identification of allelochemicals, which might promote the discovery of new natural herbicides for sustainable agriculture.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitory activity of Ricinus and Jatropha extracts depended on concentration and test species.
- Taxon
- Ricinus communis
Ricinus communise1 - Treatment
- concentratione0
- Outcome
- inhibitory activitiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory activities of both extracts depends on the concentration and test plant species.”
e1“Ricinus communis and Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce seedling growth was most sensitive to both extracts.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- most sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seedling growth of lettuce was most sensitive to both extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Barnyard grass seedling growth was least sensitive to both extracts.
- Taxon
- barnyard grass
Echinochloa crus-gallie0 - Outcome
- seedling growthe1
- Direction
- least sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“barnyard grass was least sensitive”
e1“the seedling growth of lettuce was most sensitive to both extracts and barnyard grass was least sensitive”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mL, Ricinus extract completely inhibited germination of cress.
- Taxon
- cresse0
- Treatment
- R. communise0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“At concentration of 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mL, R. communis completely inhibited the germination of both cress and barnyard grass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mL, Ricinus extract completely inhibited germination of barnyard grass.
- Taxon
- barnyard grassEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Treatment
- R. communise0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At concentration of 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mL, R. communis completely inhibited the germination of both cress and barnyard grass”
Claim · model-written summary
At that concentration, Ricinus extract completely inhibited seedling growth of cress.
- Taxon
- cresse0
- Treatment
- R. communise0
- Outcome
- seedling growth of cresse0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“At concentration of 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mL, R. communis completely inhibited the germination of both cress and barnyard grass, and the seedling growth of cress, lettuce, Italian ryegrass, and barnyard grass.”
Claim · model-written summary
At that concentration, Ricinus extract completely inhibited seedling growth of lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- R. communise0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At concentration of 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mL, R. communis completely inhibited the germination of both cress and barnyard grass, and the seedling growth of cress, lettuce, Italian ryegrass, and barnyard grass.”
Claim · model-written summary
At that concentration, Ricinus extract completely inhibited seedling growth of Italian ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Italian ryegrass
Lolium multiflorume0 - Treatment
- R. communise0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At concentration of 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mL, R. communis completely inhibited the germination of both cress and barnyard grass, and the seedling growth of cress, lettuce, Italian ryegrass, and barnyard grass.”
Claim · model-written summary
At that concentration, Ricinus extract completely inhibited seedling growth of barnyard grass.
- Taxon
- barnyard grassEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Treatment
- R. communise0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At concentration of 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mL, R. communis completely inhibited the germination of both cress and barnyard grass, and the seedling growth of cress, lettuce, Italian ryegrass, and barnyard grass.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mL, Jatropha extract completely inhibited cress germination.
- Taxon
- cresse0
- Treatment
- J. curcas extractse0
- Outcome
- germination of cresse0
- Direction
- complete inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mLe1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“At the same concentration, complete inhibition on the germination of cress and the seedling growth of lettuce and alfalfa was only observed by J. curcas extracts.”
e1“300-mg DW equivalent extract/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
At that concentration, Jatropha extract completely inhibited lettuce seedling growth.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- J. curcas extractse0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- complete inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mLe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the same concentration, complete inhibition on the germination of cress and the seedling growth of lettuce and alfalfa was only observed by J. curcas extracts.”
e1“300-mg DW equivalent extract/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
At that concentration, Jatropha extract completely inhibited alfalfa seedling growth.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- J. curcas extractse0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- complete inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- 300-mg DW equivalent extract/mLe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the same concentration, complete inhibition on the germination of cress and the seedling growth of lettuce and alfalfa was only observed by J. curcas extracts.”
e1“300-mg DW equivalent extract/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
Ricinus extracts had greater activity against major crop weeds than Jatropha extracts.
Verbatim
e0“R. communis extracts had greater activity than J. curcas against the major crop weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose Ricinus as a candidate for isolating allelochemicals for natural herbicides.
- Taxon
- R. communisRicinus communise1
- Outcome
- best candidate for isolation and identification of allelochemicalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this plant could be the best candidate for isolation and identification of allelochemicals, which might promote the discovery of new natural herbicides for sustainable agriculture.”
e1“R. communis extracts had greater activity than J. curcas”
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See all 271 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.