Abstract
We studied the polyphenol (phenolic compounds and flavonoids) composition and allelopathic effects of Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. aerial foliage aqueous extract (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) on the seedling growth and plant biomass of the general biotest species, lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Mean leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight were decreased following exposure to Acacia aerial foliage, flowers aqueous extract (AFE) and phyllodes aqueous extract (APE) after 6 days. The reduction in plant dry biomass was more than 50% following treatment with AFE. The decrease in mean root length was approximately 37.7% and 29.20% following treatment with Acacia flowers extract (AFE) at 75% and 100% concentration, respectively. Root dry weight of L. sativa was reduced by both flowers and phyllodes extract. The reduction of protein contents in lettuce leaves following Acacia foliage extract proved that both AFE and APE exhibit polyphenols that causes the toxicity which led to decrease in leaf protein contents. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was employed to analyze the A. melanoxylon flowers and phyllodes. A total of 13 compounds (accounting for most abundant compounds in flowers and phyllodes) include different flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The phytochemical compounds detected were: Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid. The major flavonoid compounds identified include rutin, luteolin, apigenin, and catechin. Allelopathic effects of flower and phyllodes extracts from A. melanoxylon may be due to the presence of above compounds identified by HPLC analysis.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf fresh and dry weight of lettuce decreased after exposure to Acacia melanoxylon aerial foliage, flower and phyllode extracts for 6 days.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- Acacia aerial foliage, flowers aqueous extract (AFE) and phyllodes aqueous extract (APE)e2
- Interactor
- Acacia melanoxylon
Acacia melanoxylone1other - Outcome
- Mean leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weighte2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- after 6 dayse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
e1“Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. aerial foliage aqueous extract”
e2“Mean leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight were decreased following exposure to Acacia aerial foliage, flowers aqueous extract (AFE) and phyllodes aqueous extract (APE) after 6 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Root fresh and dry weight of lettuce decreased after exposure to the same Acacia extracts.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Acacia aerial foliage, flowers aqueous extract (AFE) and phyllodes aqueous extract (APE)e2
- Interactor
- Acacia melanoxylonAcacia melanoxylone1other
- Outcome
- root fresh weight and root dry weighte2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- after 6 dayse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
e1“Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. aerial foliage aqueous extract”
e2“Mean leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight were decreased following exposure to Acacia aerial foliage, flowers aqueous extract (AFE) and phyllodes aqueous extract (APE) after 6 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant dry biomass of lettuce was reduced by more than 50% after treatment with AFE.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- AFEe1
- Outcome
- plant dry biomasse1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- more than 50%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
e1“The reduction in plant dry biomass was more than 50% following treatment with AFE”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean root length of lettuce decreased by about 37.7% at 75% AFE.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Acacia flowers extract (AFE)e1
- Outcome
- mean root lengthe1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- approximately 37.7%e1
- Qualifier
- at 75%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
e1“The decrease in mean root length was approximately 37.7% and 29.20% following treatment with Acacia flowers extract (AFE) at 75% and 100% concentration, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean root length of lettuce decreased by 29.20% at 100% AFE.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Acacia flowers extract (AFE)e1
- Outcome
- mean root lengthe1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 29.20%e1
- Qualifier
- and 100% concentratione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
e1“The decrease in mean root length was approximately 37.7% and 29.20% following treatment with Acacia flowers extract (AFE) at 75% and 100% concentration, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Acacia foliage extract reduced protein contents in lettuce leaves.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Acacia foliage extracte0
- Outcome
- protein contentse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction of protein contents in lettuce leaves following Acacia foliage extract proved that both AFE and APE exhibit polyphenols that causes the toxicity which led to decrease in leaf protein contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphenols in the Acacia extracts are likely responsible for the toxicity that decreased leaf protein contents in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Compound
- polyphenolse0
- Outcome
- decrease in leaf protein contentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction of protein contents in lettuce leaves following Acacia foliage extract proved that both AFE and APE exhibit polyphenols that causes the toxicity which led to decrease in leaf protein contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Acacia melanoxylon flowers and phyllodes contained 13 identified compounds, mainly flavonoids and phenolic compounds.
- Taxon
- Acacia melanoxylonAcacia melanoxylone0
- Organ / stage
- flowers and phyllodese1
- Outcome
- compoundse1
- Value
- 13e1
- Qualifier
- different flavonoids and phenolic compoundse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. aerial foliage aqueous extract”
e1“A total of 13 compounds (accounting for most abundant compounds in flowers and phyllodes) include different flavonoids and phenolic compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were detected in Acacia melanoxylon extracts.
- Taxon
- Acacia melanoxylonAcacia melanoxylone0
- Compound
- Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acide1
- Outcome
- phytochemical compounds detectede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. aerial foliage aqueous extract”
e1“The phytochemical compounds detected were: Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillic acid and syringic acid were detected in Acacia melanoxylon extracts.
- Taxon
- Acacia melanoxylonAcacia melanoxylone0
- Compound
- p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillic acid, syringic acide1
- Outcome
- phytochemical compounds detectede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. aerial foliage aqueous extract”
e1“The phytochemical compounds detected were: Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were detected in Acacia melanoxylon extracts.
- Taxon
- Acacia melanoxylonAcacia melanoxylone0
- Compound
- p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acide1
- Outcome
- phytochemical compounds detectede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. aerial foliage aqueous extract”
e1“The phytochemical compounds detected were: Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Rutin, luteolin and apigenin were the major flavonoids identified in Acacia melanoxylon.
- Taxon
- Acacia melanoxylonAcacia melanoxylone0
- Compound
- rutin, luteolin, apigenine1
- Outcome
- major flavonoid compounds identifiede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. aerial foliage aqueous extract”
e1“The major flavonoid compounds identified include rutin, luteolin, apigenin, and catechin”
Claim · model-written summary
Catechin was a major flavonoid identified in Acacia melanoxylon.
- Taxon
- Acacia melanoxylonAcacia melanoxylone0
- Compound
- catechine1
- Outcome
- major flavonoid compounds identifiede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. aerial foliage aqueous extract”
e1“The major flavonoid compounds identified include rutin, luteolin, apigenin, and catechin”
Claim · model-written summary
Allelopathic effects of Acacia melanoxylon flower and phyllode extracts may be due to the identified compounds.
- Taxon
- A. melanoxylonAcacia melanoxylone1
- Outcome
- Allelopathic effectse1
- Qualifier
- may be due to the presence of above compounds identified by HPLC analysise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. aerial foliage aqueous extract”
e1“Allelopathic effects of flower and phyllodes extracts from A. melanoxylon may be due to the presence of above compounds identified by HPLC analysis”
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