Abstract
Summary Compositae plants contain biologically active substances that are allelopathic to weed species. Aqueous extracts from leaves of 16 plants were bioassayed against lucerne ( Medicago sativa ) to determine their allelopathic effects, and the results showed the highest inhibition for the extracts from Lactuca sativa , Xanthium occidentale and Cirsium japonicum . The extracts applied to filter paper in Petri‐dish bioassay tests significantly inhibited root growth of lucerne. Extracts of 40 g dry tissue L −1 from L. sativa , X. occidentale and C. japonicum were completely inhibitory to lucerne root growth, but hypocotyl growth of lucerne was less sensitive. Although allelopathic effects of methanol extracts were much less than those of coumarin or alachlor, early seedling growth of both lucerne and Echinochloa crus‐galli was significantly reduced by methanol extracts. Mixture of L. sativa , X. occidentale and C. japonicum extracts had more inhibitory effects on test plants than each single extract treatment. By means of high‐performance liquid chromatography, responsible causative allelopathic substances present in L. sativa , X. occidentale and C. japonicum were isolated from various fractions and identified as coumarin, trans ‐cinnamic acid, o ‐coumaric acid and p ‐coumaric acid. These results suggest that some Compositae have various herbicidal potentials, and that their activities, types and amount of causative compounds differ, depending on the plant species.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Lactuca sativa extract had the highest inhibition in the lucerne bioassay.
- Taxon
- lucerne
Medicago sativae1 - Treatment
- Lactuca sativae0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the results showed the highest inhibition for the extracts from Lactuca sativa , Xanthium occidentale and Cirsium japonicum”
e1“Aqueous extracts from leaves of 16 plants were bioassayed against lucerne ( Medicago sativa )”
Claim · model-written summary
Xanthium occidentale extract had the highest inhibition in the lucerne bioassay.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- Xanthium occidentalee0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the results showed the highest inhibition for the extracts from Lactuca sativa , Xanthium occidentale and Cirsium japonicum”
e1“Aqueous extracts from leaves of 16 plants were bioassayed against lucerne ( Medicago sativa )”
Claim · model-written summary
Cirsium japonicum extract had the highest inhibition in the lucerne bioassay.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- Cirsium japonicume0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the results showed the highest inhibition for the extracts from Lactuca sativa , Xanthium occidentale and Cirsium japonicum”
e1“Aqueous extracts from leaves of 16 plants were bioassayed against lucerne ( Medicago sativa )”
Claim · model-written summary
The extracts inhibited lucerne root growth.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- extractse0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extracts applied to filter paper in Petri‐dish bioassay tests significantly inhibited root growth of lucerne.”
Claim · model-written summary
L. sativa extract completely inhibited lucerne root growth at 40 g dry tissue L −1.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Extracts of 40 g dry tissue L −1e0
- Interactor
- L. sativa
Lactuca sativae0weed - Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- completely inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extracts of 40 g dry tissue L −1 from L. sativa , X. occidentale and C. japonicum were completely inhibitory to lucerne root growth, but hypocotyl growth of lucerne was less sensitive.”
Claim · model-written summary
X. occidentale extract completely inhibited lucerne root growth at 40 g dry tissue L −1.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Extracts of 40 g dry tissue L −1e0
- Interactor
- X. occidentale
Xanthium strumariume0weed - Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- completely inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extracts of 40 g dry tissue L −1 from L. sativa , X. occidentale and C. japonicum were completely inhibitory to lucerne root growth, but hypocotyl growth of lucerne was less sensitive.”
Claim · model-written summary
C. japonicum extract completely inhibited lucerne root growth at 40 g dry tissue L −1.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Extracts of 40 g dry tissue L −1e0
- Interactor
- C. japonicum
Cirsium japonicume0weed - Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- completely inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extracts of 40 g dry tissue L −1 from L. sativa , X. occidentale and C. japonicum were completely inhibitory to lucerne root growth, but hypocotyl growth of lucerne was less sensitive.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lucerne hypocotyl growth was less sensitive than root growth.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- hypocotyl growthe0
- Direction
- less sensitivee0
- Comparator
- root growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extracts of 40 g dry tissue L −1 from L. sativa , X. occidentale and C. japonicum were completely inhibitory to lucerne root growth, but hypocotyl growth of lucerne was less sensitive.”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanol extracts significantly reduced early seedling growth of lucerne.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- methanol extractse0
- Outcome
- early seedling growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early seedling growth of both lucerne and Echinochloa crus‐galli was significantly reduced by methanol extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanol extracts significantly reduced early seedling growth of Echinochloa crus‐galli.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus‐galli
Echinochloa crus-gallie0 - Treatment
- methanol extractse0
- Outcome
- early seedling growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early seedling growth of both lucerne and Echinochloa crus‐galli was significantly reduced by methanol extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixed extracts inhibited test plants more than single extracts.
Verbatim
e0“Mixture of L. sativa , X. occidentale and C. japonicum extracts had more inhibitory effects on test plants than each single extract treatment.”
t0“Compositae weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Four allelopathic substances were identified in the three species.
- Taxon
- Compositae weedst0
- Outcome
- coumarin, trans ‐cinnamic acid, o ‐coumaric acid and p ‐coumaric acide0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Verbatim
e0“responsible causative allelopathic substances present in L. sativa , X. occidentale and C. japonicum were isolated from various fractions and identified as coumarin, trans ‐cinnamic acid, o ‐coumaric acid and p ‐coumaric acid.”
t0“Compositae weeds”
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