Abstract
Reduced tillage results in lower production costs and thus may have economic advantages for farmers. However, yield penalties, specific yield risks, or higher nutrient requirements may counteract the positive effects of reduced tillage. This study investigates long‐term tillage effects (moldboard plow, and deep and shallow chisel plow) and their interactions with N fertilizer input on yields and economic performance in a corn ( Zea mays L.)‐wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)‐potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.)‐wheat rotation in southern Germany. Conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage systems provided comparable economic returns. The systems of reduced tillage required higher surface‐dribbled urea ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) fertilizer to corn and potato to be as efficient as the CT system. This may have implications for the overall environmental assessment of reduced tillage systems. For moderate‐ and higher‐risk‐averse producers, CT with usual fertilizer practice was more efficient than all other management options for the whole rotation. Farmers' risk aversion has no impact on the choice of the most efficient tillage and fertilizer management for potato (CT with usual fertilizer practice) and for corn (reduced tillage with increased fertilizer level). For wheat, the results show a high impact of risk aversion on the optimal choice of the tillage and fertilizer system. With increased energy prices, the economic savings of the reduced tillage systems due to reduced fuel use may be offset by higher fertilizer requirements since nitrous fertilizer prices are highly determined by energy costs.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage and reduced tillage gave comparable economic returns in the corn-wheat-potato-wheat rotation.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- reduced tillagee1
- Outcome
- economic returnse1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- Conventional tillage (CT)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“Conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage systems provided comparable economic returns”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage required higher UAN fertilizer to make corn as efficient as conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Treatment
- reduced tillagee2
- Outcome
- urea ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) fertilizere3
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- CT systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e2“The systems of reduced tillage required higher”
e3“urea ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) fertilizer to corn and potato to be as efficient as the CT system”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage required higher UAN fertilizer to make potato as efficient as conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume3 - Treatment
- reduced tillagee2
- Outcome
- urea ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) fertilizere3
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- CT systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e2“The systems of reduced tillage required higher”
e3“urea ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) fertilizer to corn and potato to be as efficient as the CT system”
Claim · model-written summary
For moderate and higher risk-averse producers, conventional tillage with usual fertilizer practice was more efficient than all other options for the whole rotation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- CT with usual fertilizer practicee4
- Outcome
- efficiente4
- Direction
- more efficiente4
- Qualifier
- the whole rotatione4
- Comparator
- all other management optionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e4“CT with usual fertilizer practice was more efficient than all other management options for the whole rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmers risk aversion had no impact on the efficient tillage and fertilizer choice for potato.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume6
- Treatment
- Farmers' risk aversione6
- Outcome
- the choice of the most efficient tillage and fertilizer managemente6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
- Qualifier
- CT with usual fertilizer practicee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Farmers' risk aversion has no impact on the choice of the most efficient tillage and fertilizer management for potato (CT with usual fertilizer practice) and for corn (reduced tillage with increased fertilizer level)”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmers risk aversion had no impact on the efficient tillage and fertilizer choice for corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- Farmers' risk aversione6
- Outcome
- the choice of the most efficient tillage and fertilizer managemente6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
- Qualifier
- reduced tillage with increased fertilizer levele6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Farmers' risk aversion has no impact on the choice of the most efficient tillage and fertilizer management for potato (CT with usual fertilizer practice) and for corn (reduced tillage with increased fertilizer level)”
Claim · model-written summary
Risk aversion had a high impact on the optimal tillage and fertilizer choice for wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume7 - Treatment
- risk aversione7
- Outcome
- the optimal choice of the tillage and fertilizer systeme7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“For wheat, the results show a high impact of risk aversion on the optimal choice of the tillage and fertilizer system”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher energy prices may offset the economic savings of reduced tillage through higher fertilizer requirements.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- With increased energy pricese1
- Outcome
- economic savings of the reduced tillage systemse1
- Qualifier
- may be offset by higher fertilizer requirementse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“With increased energy prices, the economic savings of the reduced tillage systems due to reduced fuel use may be offset by higher fertilizer requirements”
The same questions in other papers
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286 papers in the same direction as this paper · 812 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
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See all 1,099 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.